HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CULTURAL POLITICAL ECONOMIC POPULATION URBAN

Culture The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the numbers of a specific group.

Put what you think makes up culture in this circle.

Food Shelter Religion Language Family Interaction Music Art Dance Education Government

Innovation An idea is created EX: Hummer Vehicle Cultural Exchange Diffusion The idea is spread EX: Military uses the HumV in the field Acculturation A culture adopts the idea EX: The masses begin to drive the vehicle for recreational use

There are between 3000 and 6500 different languages spoken in the world today!!! 1. Chinese – Mandarin 2. Spanish 3. English 4. Hindi 5. Arabic 6. Bengali 7. Portuguese 8. Russian 9. Japanese 10. German

Language Tree

Monotheistic 1 God 1 God Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are examples. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are examples.

Polytheistic Belief in many Gods. Belief in many Gods. Hinduism and ancient Greek and Egyptian religions are examples. Hinduism and ancient Greek and Egyptian religions are examples.

Animistic or Traditional Often a belief in the divine forces of nature Often a belief in the divine forces of nature Native Americans and Paganism Native Americans and Paganism

World Religions

Major World Religions 1. Christianity 2. Islam 3. Hinduism 4. Buddhism 5. Judaism

QUICK CHECK! Hold a number using your hand: Hold a number using your hand: Monotheism is the belief in how many gods? Monotheism is the belief in how many gods? ONE! ONE! Polytheism is the belief in how many gods? Polytheism is the belief in how many gods? MORE THAN ONE! MORE THAN ONE!

Population Geography Study of the population characteristics of different areas. Study of the population characteristics of different areas. Guess what the world population is? Guess what the world population is? 6.8 billion 6.8 billion United States? United States? 310 million 310 million

Population Terms Birthrate – live births per 1000 of the population. Birthrate – live births per 1000 of the population. Fertility Rate – Average number of children a woman has. Fertility Rate – Average number of children a woman has. Mortality Rate – Number of deaths per 1000 people. Mortality Rate – Number of deaths per 1000 people. Infant Mortality Rate – Number of deaths among infants under age of one per 1000 live births. Infant Mortality Rate – Number of deaths among infants under age of one per 1000 live births.

World Mortality Rate

Population Pyramids -A GRAPH THAT SHOWS AGE & SEX DISTRIBUTION OF A POPULATION.

Population Pyramid -How can you tell the Congo’s population is growing? -Why is there a bulge in the United States for ages 30-59?

QUICK CHECK ON THE SIDE OF YOUR NOTES- MATCH THE DESCRIPTION WITH THE APPROPRIATE LETTER: ON THE SIDE OF YOUR NOTES- MATCH THE DESCRIPTION WITH THE APPROPRIATE LETTER: _____1. Infant Mortality Rate _____2. Fertility Rate _____3. Birthrate A. live births per 1000 B. avg. # of children a woman has C. number of deaths among infants under 1 yr. per 100 live births

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION Population is NOT distributed evenly Population is NOT distributed evenly 1. climate2. food source3. water source 1. climate2. food source3. water source Push-Pull Factors: Push-Pull Factors: Push- out of an area (centrifugal) Push- out of an area (centrifugal) Environment conditions- drought, flood Environment conditions- drought, flood Political reasons- war, economy Political reasons- war, economy Pull- into an area (centripetal) Pull- into an area (centripetal) Economy doing well Economy doing well Job opportunities Job opportunities

Population Density Describes how heavily populated an area is… Describes how heavily populated an area is… Divide the # of people by total amount of land they occupy: Divide the # of people by total amount of land they occupy: Misleading for a nation = some areas are more sparsely populated (Think USA and the states) Misleading for a nation = some areas are more sparsely populated (Think USA and the states) Carrying capacity = # of organisms a piece of land can support Carrying capacity = # of organisms a piece of land can support Peoplearea

DFW San Antonio Houston

QUICK CHECK! Discuss with a neighbor two things your learned about Population Geography Discuss with a neighbor two things your learned about Population Geography (YOU WILL BE SHARING!) (YOU WILL BE SHARING!)

Urban Geography Study of how people use space in a city. Study of how people use space in a city.

Key terms The growth of cities is urbanization. The growth of cities is urbanization. City – Areas with large populations that are centers for business and culture. City – Areas with large populations that are centers for business and culture. Suburbs – Political units touching the central city or another suburb. Suburbs – Political units touching the central city or another suburb. Exurbs – Smaller cities or towns with open land between them and the central city. Exurbs – Smaller cities or towns with open land between them and the central city. Metropolitan Area – When a city, suburbs, and exurbs link together economically. Metropolitan Area – When a city, suburbs, and exurbs link together economically. Megalopolis – When multiple metro areas overlap. Megalopolis – When multiple metro areas overlap.

Urban Areas

QUICK CHECK THUMBS UP (yes)– THUMBS DOWN (no) THUMBS UP (yes)– THUMBS DOWN (no) We live in a suburb of Dallas Ft. Worth We live in a suburb of Dallas Ft. Worth The main reason cities locate where they do is because of scenery The main reason cities locate where they do is because of scenery

State – Independent unit that occupies a territory. “Country” EX: USA, Russia, France Nation – Refers to a group of people with similar culture living within a territory. EX: Americans, Russians, French Nation State – When a nation and a state occupy the same territory. EX: USA, Denmark, Mexico Stateless Nation – When a nation has no territory. EX: Palestinians, Kurds, and Basques

Growing in Number In 1900 there were only 57 countries. In 1900 there were only 57 countries. In 2000 there were 192 countries. In 2000 there were 192 countries. Today there are 195 countries. Today there are 195 countries.

What is the largest state / country? Russia with an area over 17 million square km ! That is 1.8 times the size of the U.S..

What is the smallest state / country? Vatican City (Holy See) has a area of.44 square km. Vatican City (Holy See) has a area of.44 square km. That is less than 140 acres! That is less than 140 acres! It is also landlocked. That means it is surrounded by land with no direct access to the sea. It is also landlocked. That means it is surrounded by land with no direct access to the sea.

There are 195 Nation States. And that number is growing!

Democracy Citizens hold the power either directly or through elected representation. Citizens hold the power either directly or through elected representation.

Monarchy A ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share power with citizen bodies. A ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share power with citizen bodies.

Dictatorship An individual or group holds complete political power. An individual or group holds complete political power. North Korea’s Kim Jong Il Cuba’s Castro Soviet Union’s Stalin

KEY TERM Economy: Production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people Economy: Production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people operate at local, national and international level operate at local, national and international level Economic System: The way people produce and exchange goods and services: Economic System: The way people produce and exchange goods and services: 1. Traditional 2. Command 3. Market 4. Mixed

Traditional/Barter Economy Goods and services are traded without using money. Goods and services are traded without using money.

Market/Demand/Capitalism/Free Enterprise Economy Production of goods and services are determined by demand from consumers. Production of goods and services are determined by demand from consumers.

Command Economy Production of goods and services is determined by the government. Production does not necessarily reflect consumer demand. Production of goods and services is determined by the government. Production does not necessarily reflect consumer demand.

Economic Activities describe how materials are turned into goods or services are delivered to consumers 1. Primary – Gather raw materials 2. Secondary – Manufacture products 3. Tertiary – Provide services 4. Quarternary – Provide info& management

Economic Activities Primary Farming, fishing, mining Secondary Factories, manufacturing Tertiary Teachers, doctors Quaternary Research, management

Economic Support Systems Infrastructure is the basic support system need to keep an economy going. Infrastructure is the basic support system need to keep an economy going. Think about GHS…what things MUST we have in order for school to function properly? Think about GHS…what things MUST we have in order for school to function properly? Power, communication systems, transportation, water, sanitation, authority, food supply Power, communication systems, transportation, water, sanitation, authority, food supply