1. Chapter 3
Section1

2. What is Population Density?
Focus Question
What is Population Density?

3. Human Geography
Geographers are interested in people as well as the physical environment
Where People Live
More than 7 billion people live on the earth.
Population density
Average number of people per square mile or kilometer.
Natural obstacles greatly restrict where people live
Water, deserts, mountains, islands
The environment determines how people must live

4. Population Growth Population Density Population growth
Divide the total population of a region by the land area
Can be misleading
Usable land (doesn't estimate water, mountains, and other obstacles)
Population growth
Technology
Medical care
Comparing Growth Rates
Birthrate-number of live births per year per1,000 people
Death rate-number of deaths per year per 1,000 people
Immigration rates (people coming into)
Emigration rate (people exiting)
Zero Population growth

6. Nature of Culture
Differences in population pattern are in part differences in culture
Cultural hearth
Place where important ideas begin and from where they spread
Language
Cornerstone of culture
Reflects a cultures identity
Religion
Important aspect of culture
Helps people answer basic questions

7. Nature of Culture Social Organization Women and Minorities
Social structure are in each culture
Helps people work together
People know their role
Women and Minorities
Social limits are often placed on women and minorities
Discrimination
Violence

8. Cultural Change
Cultures are change by internal and external influences
Cultural Convergence
Skills, arts, ideas, and habits of one culture come into contact with those of another culture.
Today because of technology we see a lot of convergence
Diffusion is how a cultural element is transmitted
Cultural Divergence
Restriction of a culture from outside cultural influences
Restrict movement of ideas and goods

9. Focus Question
What is the difference between cultural convergence and cultural divergence?

10. Section 2

11. What is a cultural hearth?
Focus Question
What is a cultural hearth?

12. Countries of the World
Two important traits of culture are its political and economic systems
There are nearly 200 independent countries in the world
All have 4 specific characteristics that define them
Clear territories
Population
Sovereignty
Government

13. Territory
Land, water, landforms, and natural recourses make up part of the territory
Russia is the largest territory 6.5 million sq. miles
Vatican city is the smallest territory at 0.17sq miles
The United States is 3.7 million sq. miles
Resources are more important than size
Countries usually fight over land or resources
Geographic factors influence a nations power to control territory

14. Population
The size of the population does not determine the existence of a country
Courtiers vary in both size and makeup of their populations
Some countries have lands that are unpopulated
Some countries have a diverse population
As citizens of a nation people are usually assured of protection from their government
In return citizens pay taxes, sere in the military, or carry out other obligations
Sovereignty means freedom from outside forces

15. Types of Government
Institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies and provides common needs
Government Structure
Nearly every country contains smaller units
States, provinces, republics
Unitary system
Federation
Confederation
Authoritarian
Dictatorship
Totalitarianism
Monarchy
democracy

16. Types of Economies
Traditional Economy- people are consumed in their own family or village. There is little left over for trade
Market Economy-great freedom to individuals and groups (free enterprise)
Command Economy- controlled by a single or central government

17. What are the three types of economies?
Focus Question
What are the three types of economies?

18. What are 4 types of energy?
Focus Question
What are 4 types of energy?