Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs ); ch.16 Gonorrhea Chlamydia Syphilis Herpes Genital warts HIV/AIDS
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gonorrhea This patient presented with gonococcal urethritis, which became systemically disseminated leading to gonococcal conjunctivitis of the right eye. – CDC.gov Cervical smear – CDC.gov
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gonorrhea Etiological agent: Attaches to oral or urogenital mucosa by fimbriae and Opa protein. Females may be asymptomatic; males have painful urination and pus discharge. Treatment is with antibiotics.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gonorrhea If left untreated, may result in Endocarditis, Meningitis, Arthritis Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) can cause: infertility chronic abdominal pain ectopic pregnancy
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gonorrhea Figure 26.5a
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nongonococcal Urethritis Chlamydia Chlamydia Etiological agent: One of the most common “reportable” STD’s in the U.S. Commonly, signs and symptoms are mild or non- existent, at first
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chlamydia Painful urination and abnormal discharge (in men and women) May be transmitted to a newborn's eyes PID Rarely, infection of the epididymis
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Syphilis Etiological agent: Invades mucosa or through skin breaks. Figure 26.10
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Syphilis Primary stage: forms at site of infection, 10 – 90 days after infection Lasts 3 to 6 weeks on average Secondary stage: Skin and mucosal rashes Rash may emerge as chancre is healing, or weeks later
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Syphilis Latent period: No symptoms (may last 20 yrs. or more) Tertiary: Gummas on many organs Primary and secondary stages treated with penicillin
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Syphilis Figure 26.9a
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Vaginosis/Vaginitis Common etiological agents Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis, Signs and symptoms Odor, discharge, irritation infection may be a factor in premature births and low birth-weight
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Genital Herpes Etiological agent: Herpes simplex virus 2 (Human herpesvirus 2 or HHV–2); Can be caused by HHV-1 Transmission: direct contact and auto-inoculation Signs and symptoms: none; periodic outbreaks of fluid-filled vesicles; encephalitis
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Genital Herpes Neonatal herpes transmitted to fetus or newborns Recurrences from viruses latent in nerves Suppression: Acyclovir, and other antivirals
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Genital Warts Etiological agent: Transmission: direct contact and auto-inoculation Signs and symptoms: none; warts; cancer HPV 16 may cause cervical and penile cancer.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Genital Warts Prevention of cervical cancer: Pap smearPap smear DNA test is needed to detect cancer-causing strains. Vaccination against HPV strains
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings HIV/AIDS HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS = Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Transmission: direct contact; Sexual contact (blood, semen, vaginal secretions) Needle sharing; needle stick Breast milk Across placenta
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings HIV infection HIV invades The virus may remain latent in cell for many years Multiplication of virus destroys cell, leading to a weakened immune system Opportunistic pathogens can infect
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings HIV/AIDS