2. Sexually Transmitted Infections STI’s Overview: Types Incidence Transmission Symptoms Treatment Prevention

3. Contact Transmission vs. Fluid Transmission 1. CONTACT Transmission Skin contact alone can result in transmission Examples: HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Herpes (Simplex 1 and 2) Molluscum* (contact and fluid) Syphillis* (contact and fluid) Sexually Transmitted Disease

4. 2. FLUID Transmission Bodily fluid exchange required for transmission to occur Examples: Chlamydia Gonorrhea HIV Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Hepatitis B, C Molluscum* (contact and fluid) Syphillis *(contact and fluid)

5. Viral vs. Bacterial 1. Viral ►Live in the body- No cure ►Symptoms can be treated ► Infected person can still transmit even if no symptoms are present

6. 2. Bacterial Can be treated (cured) with antibiotics Person often does not know that s/he is infected Has been infected so does not seek treatment

7. Common Sexually Transmitted Infections in College It is estimated that 1 in 4 college students (including NAU) are or have been infected with an STD. –Most common: Chlamydia (Bacterial-Fluid) Genital warts –HPV (Viral- Contact and Fluid) Herpes (Viral- Contact and Fluid)

8. Signs and Symptoms If You or Your Partner Show Any of These Signs See a Physician- even if they go away! Bleeding Boils Burning sensation Irritations Odors Pains Pus Sores Tenderness Urine changes Warts Blisters Cervicitis Growths Itches Painful intercourse Rashes Swellings Ulcers Vaginal yeast infections

9. Chlamydia Spread - vaginal and anal intercourse, from the birth canal to the fetus Diagnosis - Examination of tissue samples or urine Treatment - Both partners treated fully with antibiotics Protection - Condoms and safe sex

10. Transition Slide Warning: Graphic pictures..

11. Chlamydia: Male 50% of men show no symptoms 75% of women show no symptoms

12. HPV http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/common- infection/HPVPosterCleared-Online.pdf

13. Human Papilloma Virus- HPV Genital Warts In the U.S: 20 million men and women are infected Over 80 types of HPV 5.5 million NEW cases of HPV each year 33% of all new STD transmissions are HPV At current rates at least 50% of sexually active people will contract HPV at some pt. in their lives At current rates 80% of women acquire HPV by age 50. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, April 2004

14. HPV continued … ▪ More than 80% of cervical cancer stems from HPV infection ▪ Men do not know they have it (unless there are warts) ▪ Women (without warts) can be checked for HPV with a pap smear

15. 85% of people who have had unprotected sex with 3 or more partners have been exposed to HPV 80% of those actually have HPV

16. Genital Warts: Female Can be treated but not cured

17. Warts: Male Can be treated but not cured

18. A vaccine for HPV? Initial Results are very encouraging: International Study of 12,000 sexually active women between ages 16-26. Half received 3 doses of the HPV vaccine and half received a placebo. shown to be 100% effective if vaccine is received prior to contracting HPV. Approved by the FDA on June 8, 2006 Inoculate Adolescents?: Controversial

19. Genital Herpes Two forms - Herpes simples virus-1 and -2. Type 1 is associated with cold sores and fever blisters. Both are sexually transmitted. 45 million have been diagnosed - 1 million per year. Remains in the body for life. Symptoms - Recurring rash, pain ulceration's. –Primary outbreak - pain and discomfort around infected area, itching, burning during urination. –2-20 days after infection - may years before outbreak.

20. Herpes: Female Can be treated but not cured

21. Herpes: Male Can be treated but not cured

22. Syphilis: Male Chancre on Penis Bacterial-Fluid ►Can be cured, but there are often no symptoms ►Symptoms can be present and then disappear

23. Syphilis: Female Bacterial-Fluid ►Can be cured, but there are often no symptoms ►Symptoms can be present and then disappear

24. Gonorrhea: Female Bacterial-Fluid Can be cured with antibiotics 75% of women show no symptoms

25. Gonorrhea: Male Bacterial-Fluid 50 % of men show no symptoms Can be cured with antibiotics

26. Routes of Transmission Among Adults P. 310, text

27. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease PID Bacterial-Fluid Progressive infection Harms a women’s reproductive system. Can lead to sterility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pain - treated or not. Caused by chlamydia and gonorrhea. Symptoms long and painful periods, discharge, spotting, low abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, pain during intercourse. Can be cured with antibiotics

28. HIV /AIDS Viral- Fluid HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) - The virus that causes HIV and AIDS - HIV lives only within cells and body fluids. Transmission: -Transmitted by blood, blood products, semen, vaginal and cervical secretions, and breast milk. -Sexual contact. -Direct contact with infected blood. -Mother-to-Child transmission. -Not through casual contact. No cure but can be treated with powerful drug “cocktails” ▪ lower the level of the virus in the body and limit side effects.

29. P. 307 Text People with HIV/AIDS (2003)

30. Prevention Limit partners for LIFE Monogamy Serial Monogamy Celibacy Both partners get tested before becoming sexually active

31. Flagstaff STD Testing Resources: Refer to Green Resource Sheet When in doubt, get tested! If you test positive, let your partner know immediately.

32. Prevention Limit partners for LIFE Monogamy Serial Monogamy- (testing between) Celibacy Both partners get tested before becoming sexually active

33. Protect your Health and Fertility!