The First Industrial Revolution Mid 1700s-mid1800s The change from an agricultural, handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and mechanized manufacture. From home-based to factory-based Rural to urban And all the social changes that go with it! 1

2 Where did it come from? Remember the Agricultural Revolution? The increase in food production and technological advances in farming led to…. Urbanization Population growth England’s population doubled between 1750 and 1832.

3 World Population, 400 BCE CE

Which you know, led to social (and political) disruption The technological innovations born from the Scientific and Agricultural Revolutions start to be applied to making things that all of those people want and need. A growing population also meant that there was an increased need for resources, which require energy. People begin to unlock the energy captured in fossil fuels, which is far more productive than energy from water or biomass like wood. 4

Please have out on your desk “So You want to be a Cotton Millionaire” game printout 5

6 The Fossil Fuel Revolution Over millions of years, ancient forests change into peat, then coal and oil

7 Coal mine in the Rhondda valley in Wales

8 5 watts Small wax candle, 800 BCE

9 Parson’s turbine, ,000 watts

So…. With “denser” fuel And better steam engines to tap into it, people begin to create mechanical devices that allowed things to be produced with less HUMAN energy. 10

11 The increasing power of steam engines

People could produce “stuff” more efficiently. There is also the development of the factory system, which increased division of labor and specialization. But this means lots of social change. 12

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14 Power loom weaving Lancashire, 1835

The Transportation Revolution 15 Robert Fulton’s Clermont Steamship 1807

16 George Stephenson’s “Rocket” steam locomotive 1829

17 Railway Development in Europe 1840 1850

18 Railway Development in Europe 1880

19 The Speed Revolution One hour of optimum travel:  Walking - 5 km  Horse-drawn coach - 10 km  Railway locomotive (1847) - 96 km  Normannia steamship (1890) - 40 km  French bullet train km  Jet km

20 The Industrial Revolution Fossil fuel energy in production and transportation

21 Material moves more quickly People moved more quickly. Ideas moved more quickly.

22 The Industrial Revolution meant powerful economic growth in the world as a whole. World Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Dollars as valued in 1990

23 Adam Smith, and Enlightenment thinker argued for ideas like these in his book The Wealth of Nations (1776). New economic ideas are flourishing…laissez faire People should be able to buy and sell land freely. People should be able to buy and sell labor freely. People should be able to buy and sell goods freely.

24 Capitalism! Middle class industrialists loved the lack of rules But there were some really negative consequences. You have already seen some in your Luddite experience. Now we are going to take a different look at it.