Chapter 15 Secession and Civil War, 1860- 1862 (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 15 Secession and Civil War, (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

The Republicans Nominate Abe Lincoln “house divided speech” -from Illinois -Image of poor farm boy Republican platform Exclusion of slavery from territories Federal aid for internal improvements

(c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved "I believe this Government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free." -- June 16, 1858 – Abe Lincoln, House Divided Speech in Springfield, Illinois

Southern Fears Republican victory: > would end state sovereignty > Lincoln would end slavery Had he not branded slavery as a moral & political evil? Results –Lincoln received less than 40% of popular vote –Won electoral college (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

The Lower South Secedes 7 Southern States seceded

Establishment of the Confederacy Confederate States of America (AL) –Constitution guaranteed slavery –State sovereignty –President Jefferson Davis (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

The Fort Sumter Issue Fort Sumter crisis- Charleston, S.C. –Union forces seize Fort Sumter (12/26/1860) –SC demanded withdrawal of fed troops (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

Lincoln’s dilemma –Withdrawal? –Fort needs to be resupplied Lincoln’s brilliant plan “If you choose to attack, the burden on the war will be on your shoulders” - April 12, 1861, Confederates open fire on Fort - Civil War begins

War Fever States filled their militia quotas immediately Neither side anticipated a lengthy war 4 more states seceded Robert E. Lee of Virginia - loved home state, could not fight against it (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

North vs South 23 million Population 2.1 million Soldiers 21,000 miles Railroad 3/4 % of wealth Yes Black Soldiers Offensive War strategy 9 million 850,000 9,000 1/4 Not until end Defensive

Strategy To win war: > North: invade & conquer South (offensive) > South: withstand invasion (defensive) (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

Confederate Foreign Policy (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved desired Britain to recognize South’s independence believed Britain would intervene in blockade (cotton) European powers refused to recognize a country that was engaged in a war it might lose

The Battle of Bull Run First significant battle of the Civil War Confederate establish capital in Richmond, VA (May 1861) Union army stopped at Bull Run Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson –Shocks northerners –Casualties Union (3K) – Confederate (2k) (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

Ulysses S. Grant’s successes in the western theater gave the Union control of the Mississippi Valley Captured Fort Henry & Fort Donelson (TN) (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

The Second Battle of Bull Run Attention focused on Virginia, Aug , 1862 Lee appointed to command Confederate army in Virginia Lee’s army attacked Union & forced retreat Lee continued to invade Maryland (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

Conclusion 1860 election: powerful shift from Southern political control Lincoln’s “House Divided” The South launched a preemptive secession to preserve their social systems (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved