1. The Civil War -The Fighting President Lincoln is reelected
Lincoln is assassinated
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2. 11.1
The Civil War Begins
The secession of Southern states cause the North and the South to take up arms.
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3. I. Confederates Fire on Fort Sumter1
SECTION
I. Confederates Fire on Fort Sumter
A. The Confederacy Takes Control
• Confederate soldiers take over govt, military installations
• Fort Sumter —Union outpost in Charleston harbor
• Confederates demand surrender
B. Lincoln’s Dilemma
• Reinforcing fort would lead to secession
• Evacuating fort would legitimize Confederacy, endanger Union
Continued . . .
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4. C. First Shots 1 Lincoln just sends food 1
SECTION
C. First Shots
Lincoln just sends food
For South, no action would damage sovereignty of Confederacy
Jefferson Davis chooses to turn peaceful secession into war
- fires on Sumter April 12, 1861
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5. II. Americans Expect a Short War1
SECTION
II. Americans Expect a Short War
A. Union and Confederate Advantages
Union advantages:
• More railroads (2x South’s railroad)
• More factories (90% of nation’s)
•Better balance between farming & industry
•More money (3/4 of nations financial resources)
•A functioning govt, army, & navy
•2/3 of nation’s population and states (19 free states, 4 slave holding border states)
- 22 million pop. (South 9 million, 4 million slaves)
Confederate advantages:
•Leadership: Most of nation’s military colleges were in South; most officers sided w/ Confederacy
•Military tactics: needed only to repel Northern attacks.
•Morale: eager to fight to preserve their way of life & their right to self- govt
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6. III. Union and Confederate Strategies
III. Union and Confederate Strategies
A. Anaconda plan: Union strategy to conquer
South
- blockade Southern ports
- divide Confederacy in two in west
(Mississippi R.)
- capture Richmond, Confederate capital
B. Confederate strategy: War of attrition-
defend territory, prolong the war, invade North
if opportunity arises
C. Bull Run
• Bull Run —first major battle; Confederate victory
• Thomas Jackson called Stonewall for firm stand in battle

7. IV. Union Armies in the West1
SECTION
IV. Union Armies in the West
A. Protecting Washington, D.C.
After Bull Run, Lincoln calls for 1 million additional soldiers
Appoints General George McClellan to lead Army of the Potomac
B. Forts Henry and Donelson
General Ulysses S. Grant —brave, tough commander in West
Feb. 1862, Grant captures Confederate Forts Henry, Donelson
Continued . . .
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8. V. A Revolution in Warfare 1
SECTION
V. A Revolution in Warfare
A. Ironclads
New ironclad ships instrumental in
victories
Ironclads splinter wooden ships,
withstand cannon, resist burning
March 1862, North’s Monitor, South’s
Merrimack fight to a draw
B. New Weapons
Rifles more accurate, faster loading, fire more rounds than muskets
grenades, land mines are used
Fighting from trenches new advantage
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9. VI. The War for the Capitals 1
SECTION
VI. The War for the Capitals
A. Antietam
Lee wins Second Battle of Bull Run; marches
into Maryland
Lee, McClellan clash at Antietam —bloodiest single-day battle
Battle a standoff; Confederates retreat;
McClellan does not pursue
- Lincoln fires McClellan
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