1. The Civil War -The Fighting -President Lincoln is reelected -Lincoln is assassinated NEXT

2. 11.1 The Civil War Begins The secession of Southern states cause the North and the South to take up arms. NEXT

3. I. Confederates Fire on Fort Sumter A. The Confederacy Takes Control Confederate soldiers take over govt, military installations Fort Sumter —Union outpost in Charleston harbor Confederates demand surrender 1 SECTION NEXT Continued... B. Lincoln’s Dilemma Reinforcing fort would lead to secession Evacuating fort would legitimize Confederacy, endanger Union

4. C. First Shots Lincoln just sends food For South, no action would damage sovereignty of Confederacy Jefferson Davis chooses to turn peaceful secession into war - fires on Sumter April 12, 1861 1 SECTION NEXT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9p7V7GrHjE

5. II. Americans Expect a Short War A. Union and Confederate Advantages Union advantages: More railroads (2x South’s railroad) More factories (90% of nation’s) Better balance between farming & industry More money (3/4 of nations financial resources) A functioning govt, army, & navy 2/3 of nation’s population and states (19 free states, 4 slave holding border states) - 22 million pop. (South 9 million, 4 million slaves) Confederate advantages: Leadership: Most of nation’s military colleges were in South; most officers sided w/ Confederacy Military tactics: needed only to repel Northern attacks. Morale: eager to fight to preserve their way of life & their right to self- govt 1 SECTION NEXT

6. III. Union and Confederate Strategies A. Anaconda plan: Union strategy to conquer South - blockade Southern ports - divide Confederacy in two in west (Mississippi R.) - capture Richmond, Confederate capital B. Confederate strategy: War of attrition- defend territory, prolong the war, invade North if opportunity arises C. Bull Run Bull Run —first major battle; Confederate victory Thomas Jackson called Stonewall for firm stand in battle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nANJYQ9pd_Yhttp://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/first- battle-of-bull-run

7. IV. Union Armies in the West A. Protecting Washington, D.C. After Bull Run, Lincoln calls for 1 million additional soldiers Appoints General George McClellan to lead Army of the Potomac 1 SECTION NEXT Continued... B. Forts Henry and Donelson General Ulysses S. Grant —brave, tough commander in West Feb. 1862, Grant captures Confederate Forts Henry, Donelson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLyWvICy1DY

8. V. A Revolution in Warfare A. Ironclads New ironclad ships instrumental in victories Ironclads splinter wooden ships, withstand cannon, resist burning March 1862, North’s Monitor, South’s Merrimack fight to a draw 1 SECTION NEXT B. New Weapons Rifles more accurate, faster loading, fire more rounds than muskets grenades, land mines are used Fighting from trenches new advantage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exM2YuGoWIE http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/civil- war-technology

9. VI. The War for the Capitals 1 SECTION NEXT A. Antietam Lee wins Second Battle of Bull Run; marches into Maryland Lee, McClellan clash at Antietam —bloodiest single-day battle Battle a standoff; Confederates retreat; McClellan does not pursue - Lincoln fires McClellan http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle- of-antietam https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJiMlgvygvc