Lyme disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi Vector-Borne Transmission by tick bites Symptoms: fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash treated successfully with a few weeks of antibiotics. Steps to prevent Lyme disease include using insect repellent & removing ticks promptly, Lyme disease "Lyme Disease." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 01 Oct. 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/>. Lyme-Borreliose oder Lyme-Krankheit

Microbes, disease transmission, and STD‘s STD = sexually transmitted disease

Statistics There are almost 9 million new cases each year of STDs among people aged 15–24 years (Sexual Risk Behavior: HIV, STD, & Teen Pregnancy Prevention) A new study by John Douglas, director of the Center for Disease Control, finds that one out of every four sexually active girls between the ages of 14 and 19 in the United States has a sexually transmitted disease. (Previous Conferences – 2008)

What you need to know Name of STD Type of pathogen Transmission Pathogens Herpes Hepatitis Human Papillomavirus Syphilus Gonorrhea HIV What you need to know

Herpes Simplex Virus HSV1 & HSV2 Transmission Direct Contact: Genital herpes is transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Oral herpes is most often contracted through kissing someone with a cold sore. Herpes can be transmitted even with no symptoms present. 40 million teens aged 15-19 were reported to be infected in 2003 (Looker, 2008) Under a microscope, HSV- 1 and 2 are virtually identical, sharing approximately 50% of their DNA. Both types infect mouth or genitals For both types, at least two-thirds of infected people have no symptoms, or symptoms too mild to notice. both types can recur and spread even when no symptoms are present. HSV-1 usually produces sores around the lip or face. HSV-2 usually produces sores in the genital area. Herpes Simplex Virus

HEPATITIS A Virus (HAV) Prevention & Treatment Common Transmission Virus is spread from contaminated fecal material Food Borne: Ingestion of fecal matter, even in microscopic amounts, from ingestion of contaminated food or drinks. The virus can last in the environment for extended periods. Viral infection of the liver A vaccine is available Always wash hands after using the toilet Most infections are gone within a few weeks HEPATITIS A Virus (HAV)

HEPATITIS B Virus (HBV) Prevention & Treatment Transmission Direct Contact: through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person primarily through sexual contact. 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV (Hepatitis B, 2012) 2 billion people worldwide have been infected Viral infection of the liver A vaccine is available No treatment but may eventually be defeated by own immune system HEPATITIS B Virus (HBV)

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Transmission (Human Papillomavirus, 2010) Prevention & Treatment There are more than 40 HPV types There is no way to know which people who get HPV will go on to develop cancer. condoms may lower the risk of transmission Vaccines can protect males and females against some of the most common types of HPV. Direct Contact: Genital/sexual contact with an infected person At least 50% of sexually active people will have genital HPV at some time in their lives. 99% of all cervical cancer cases are linked to genital infection with HPV Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

SYPHILIS Bacterial infection Prevention & Treatment Transmission Bacterial infection Direct Contact: transmitted through sex and open sores of infected person. Antibiotics There are about 40,000 new cases of syphilis reported each year. (Syphilis Statistics ) SYPHILIS

GONORRHEA also known as Clap, Dose, Drip Transmission Prevention & Treatment also known as Clap, Dose, Drip Infection caused by gonococcus bacteria   Direct Contact: most often through sexual intercourse with an infected person.  CDC estimates that, annually, more than 700,000 people in the United States get new gonorrhea infections (Gonorrhea - CDC Fact Sheet) Treated with antibiotics although a new strain of antibiotic resistant have been found. Use a condom when you have sex GONORRHEA

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXMli0OVCXc&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fITp4oT4a9E&feature=relmfu HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission Prevention & Treatment weakens the immune system, making it harder to fight off infections. Direct Contact: Transmitted through sex with an infected person, Indirect Contact: sharing needles with an infected person HIV is not transmitted by saliva, toilet seats, sharing towels, or shaking hands. Currently there is no vaccine to prevent HIV or a treatment that cures HIV. Used in combination with one another, powerful antiretroviral medications can slow down the virus and the progression between HIV infection and the development of AIDS. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi65gw-ytvc

"The Global Elimination of Congenital Syphilis: Rationale and Strategy for Action." WHO, 2007. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. <http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/rtis/9789241595858/en/index.html> "Gonorrhea - CDC Fact Sheet." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 01 Aug. 2012. Web. 23 Nov. 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/stdfact-gonorrhea.htm>. "Hepatitis A." WHO, n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://www.who.int/csr/disease/hepatitis/whocdscsredc2007/en/>. "Hepatitis B." WHO, July 2012. Web. 23 Nov. 2012. <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/>. Hicks, Rob, Dr. "Hepatitis C." BBC News, Oct. 2011. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/conditions/hepatitisc1.shtml>. "Human Papillomavirus (HPV)." WHO, 3 Sept. 2010. Web. 23 Nov. 2012. <http://www.who.int/immunization/topics/hpv/en/>. Looker, Katharine J., Geoffrey P. Garnett, and George P. Schmid. "An Estimate of the Global Prevalence and Incidence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection." WHO, Oct. 2008. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. <http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/10/07-046128/en/>. "Previous Conferences - 2008 (Chicago, Illinois)." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 01 Apr. 2009. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/stdconference/2008/press/release-11march2008.htm>. Resources

Samkangee-Zeeb, Florence Samkangee-Zeeb, Florence. "Awareness and Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) among School-going Adolescents in Europe: A Systematic Review of Published Literature." BMC Public Health, Nov. 2011. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/727>. "Sexual Risk Behavior: HIV, STD, & Teen Pregnancy Prevention." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 24 July 2012. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/sexualbehaviors/>. "STD Statistics Worldwide." Avert, 2001. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. <http://www.avert.org/std-statistics.htm>. "Syphilis Statistics - Teen Sexuality." Syphilis Statistics - Teen Sexuality. Teen Help, n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. <http://www.teenhelp.com/teen-sexuality/syphilis-statistics.html>. "Syphilis Statistics - Teen Sexuality." Teen Help, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2012. <http://www.teenhelp.com/teen-sexuality/syphilis-statistics.html>. "Viral Hepatitis." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 02 Oct. 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/>. "What Is HPV?" Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 22 Mar. 2012. Web. 23 Nov. 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/WhatIsHPV.html>. Resources