1. STD 101 Maurice Murray, MPH Dallas County Health & Human Services

2. “A” BSTIENCE Abstinence is not having sex of any kind Abstinence is the ONLY 100% effective way to prevent both pregnancy and STDs You don't have to be a virgin to practice abstinence

3. Levels of Sexual Activity 1. Talking 2. Touching 3. Hugging 4. Kissing 5. Petting – Above the Waist 6. Petting – Below the Waist 7. Oral sex 8. Intercourse

4. Five Ways Bacteria Enter Our Bodies Physical Contact Puncture Wounds Insect Bites Airborne Carried into Digestive System (from food and drink)

5. Modes of Transmission Contact With Bodily Fluids - Blood and blood products - Semen - Vaginal secretions - Saliva (if there is blood in it) Sexual Intercourse Mother to baby I.V. Drug Use

6. Bacterial Diseases Gonorrhea Chlamydia Syphilis

10. Days 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Time of Exposure GonorrheaChlamydia Incubation Period Time needed for symptoms to appear after initial exposure Varies from disease to disease

11. Male Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Symptoms Burning sensation during urination Pus-like discharge

12. Female Symptoms 80% of infected women have NO symptoms 20% have the following symptoms: - Abdominal Pain - Heavy Discharge - Burning sensation while urinating

13. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Most common sexually transmitted disease Passed from one person to another by skin-to- skin contact during sexual contact Certain strains of HPV can cause cervical cancer Other signs or symptoms are warts at the infection site

14. Herpes Caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) Can cause sores around the mouth (oral herpes) and the genitals (genital herpes) Spread by direct, skin-to-skin contact People often transmit herpes without knowing they have it

15. Symptoms of herpes Sores, bumps, blisters, or a rash in genital area Pain or itching around the buttocks or legs Itching or burning during urination

16. “A” BSTIENCE Abstinence is not having sex of any kind Abstinence is the ONLY 100% effective way to prevent both pregnancy and STDs You don't have to be a virgin to practice abstinence

17. Three Stages of Syphilis Primary Stage Secondary Stage Tertiary (late) Stage

18. Primary Stage Symptoms: - Painless chancre sore - No discharge - Disappears in 1 – 5 weeks Any person with sores in INFECTIOUS!

19. Secondary Stage Symptoms: - Sores - Rash - Appear within 3 to 6 months Any person with sores is INFECTIOUS!

20. Tertiary Stage Symptoms - Spinal cord problems - Insanity (Affects Brain) - Heart attacks Appear after infection up to 20 years or longer

21. Bacterial Diseases Gonorrhea  Signs: discharge and burning sensation Chlamydia  Signs: discharge and burning sensation Syphilis  Painless sores and general body rash

22. HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

23. Known Modes of Transmission Blood and blood products I.V. Drug Use Bodily fluids  Semen  Vaginal secretions  Saliva (if there is blood in it) Mother to child  Before birth  After birth (breastfeeding)

24. Hand Shake Hugging Dry Kissing Sharing Food Handling Objects Touched by an Infected Person Casual Contact: NOT a means of transmission

25. Time of exposure, infected with HIV Virus 0 3 mo 6 mo 2 yrs 10 yrs HIV + and AIDS Test HIV + Test HIV NO SYMPTOMS may occur for 6 months to 10 years Even though there are no symptoms, the person is a CARRIER of the infection A person with HIV infection can be INFECTIOUS

32. Proportion of High School Students With Four or More Lifetime Sexual Partners by Grade in 2007 10% Grade 9th 17% Grade 10th 18% Grade 11th 29% Grade 12th

33. Proportion of Sexually Active High School Students Who Used a Condom at Last Sex by Grade in 2007 62% Grade 9th 61% Grade 10th 52% Grade 11th 52% Grade 12th

34. Risks and Consequences of Teen Pregnancies Teen mothers have more premature and low birth-weight babies infant death, blindness, deafness, chronic respiratory problems, mental retardation, mental illness, cerebralpalsy, dyslexia, and hyperactivity

35. Risks and Consequences of Teen Pregnancies Continued Children of teen mothers do worse in school than those born to older parents The sons of teen mothers are two times more likely to end up in prison than the sons of mothers aged 20-21 The daughters of young teen mothers are three times more likely to become teen mothers themselves

36. Number of Teen Pregnancies in Texas Ages 15-19 in 2000 80,050 In 2004, The Public Cost of Teen Pregnancies: $1 BILLION DOLLARS

37. Questions or Comments?