Blue Social Studies Miss. Sievering Map Skills Blue Social Studies Miss. Sievering

Hemispheres Dividing the earth in half, usually north/south or east/west. Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere

Latitude - Lines circling the globe from east to west, measuring the distance north and south of the equator. All latitude lines are parallel to each other.

Longitude - Lines running from pole to pole, measuring the distance east and west of the Prime Meridian. They are not parallel & go only half way around the world.

Prime Meridian - Meridian at 0° longitude Prime Meridian - Meridian at 0° longitude. It is the starting point for longitude. On a map, all lines to the right of the Prime Meridian are east longitude; to the left is west longitude. It runs through Greenwich, Eng. International Date Line - Line at 180° longitude. It lies opposite the Prime Meridian. The date changes by one day when you cross this line. International Date Line Equator - Line at 0° latitude, starting point for measuring latitude. It lies midway between the north and south poles.

The Poles - Extreme northern and southern points on globe; 90° north latitude & 90° south latitude. Polar Regions - The cold regions between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole and between the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole.

Off Barrow, AK in July

U.S. Navy Sea Dragon We first chose two "teams of nine players each." We then "laid out" the "baseball diamond" on the generally flat yet still quite rugged ice surface with a "base” placed at each point of the "diamond." The baseball "pitcher's mound, which is located in the center of the "diamond," was positioned at our best estimate of the North Pole. The baseball "diamond" was then aligned such that the following interesting/amusing things would occur during the course of the game. First, if the batter hit a "homerun," he would circumnavigate the world as he ran around the bases to home plate. Second, if the batter hit the ball to right field, the ball would go across the International Dateline into "tomorrow." And, if the ball player from the opposing team in "Right Field" caught the ball and threw it back towards the "pitcher's mound," he would be throwing the ball back into "yesterday!"

The Tropics - The warm region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The Equator lies in the middle of the Tropics.

23½° The angle in which the Earth is tilted in relation to the Sun. The Tropics are 23½° latitude north and south of the Equator and the Arctic & Antarctic Circles are 23½° latitude away from the poles. This creates the seasons on the Earth.

Time Zones – In order for each place on earth to have daylight at about the same hours of the day the earth has been split into 24 time zones, one for each hour of the day. Each time zone equals 15° of longitude. For example, when it is 8P.M. in Darien, it is 5P.M. in Los Angeles.

Map – a flat drawing of all or part of the earth’s surface. Globe – a scale model of the earth. The most accurate way to show the earth. Map – a flat drawing of all or part of the earth’s surface. VS.

Map Distortion - Because you can't accurately show a spherical or ball-shaped globe on a flat map, all maps have some degree of distortion or changing of the way things really appear.

Map Projections - A way of drawing the earth on a flat surface Map Projections - A way of drawing the earth on a flat surface. All projections distort the size, shape, direction and/or distance of places on the earth to some extent. Top: Winkel Tripel, Mercator,; Bottom: Interupted, Orthographic (Plane)

Mercator Projection

Map Key/Legend – an explanation of the lines, symbols, and colors on a map. Map Scale - The relationship between distance on the map and the real distance on the earth. Orientation - The location of the directions north, south, east, & west on a map. Compass Rose – A symbol on a map which tells you where the cardinal directions – north, south, east, west – are positioned. A compass Rose tells you the maps orientation.

General Purpose Maps – show a wide range of general information. Physical Maps - These maps emphasize natural features such as mountains, valleys and plains. They use color to indicate elevation.

Political Maps - Political maps emphasize things made by man, such as national and state boundaries and cities. They use colors to show nations and states.

Special Purpose Map - Maps which show specific topics in detail such as historical maps, climate maps, or maps that show the location of rides at an amusement park.