Part 2: Process and Models

 The Linear View Sender encodes message Sender encodes ideas or feelings into a message channelreceiver Message is injected via a channel to a receiver The receiver decodes The receiver decodes the message Sender Receiver messagedecodesencodes Noise

 Noise  Noise: anything that gets in the way of the message External External-anything outside that makes it hard to hear or concentrate (talking in a movie, someone smoking) Physiological Physiological-physical things inside a person (illness) Psychological- Psychological-mental or emotional states that make it hard to listen  Think about it What are some things that make it hardest for you to listen?

 Interactive View behavior Replaces encodes with behavior to capture unintentional things like expressions or body language feedback Adds idea that sender also gets feedback (verbal or nonverbal response) from the receiver and adjusts the message Environment Environment also plays a role-These are “fields of experience that help them understand another’s behavior.” These includes not just where you are, but also what experiences and culture you are coming from Think about it: How are noise and environment similar and different?

Sender Receiver messageDecodesBehaves Noise A’s environmentB’s environment Sender Receiver messageBehavesDecodes

 Transactional View Similar to interactive view, except that responding and decoding are happening at the same time for both people Communication is not a series of individual acts, but a constant sending and receiving of messages all at the same time

Sender Receiver message Decodes Responds Decodes Noise A’s environmentB’s environment

 Final Definition of Communication: Continuous, transactional process involving participants who occupy different but overlapping environments and create a relationship by simultaneously sending and receiving messages, many of which are distorted by external physiological and psychological noise.

 LISTENING SKILLS DRAWINGS: You will need a piece of paper and a writing utensil for each participant. You also will need two different diagrams for each pair. Have partners sit back to back and decide who will be the “listener” and who will be the “talker” first. Each will eventually have a chance to play both roles. Give each “talker” a copy of a diagram. The Listener must sketch what they hear described, and in this round 1, is not allowed to speak or ask questions. This pair is using “one-way communication.” There will be 1-2 minutes allotted for this round, or longer if time permits. Partners compare drawings when finished to see how close they came to the original. The second round can begin and partners switch roles, still sitting back to back. The dyad together must try to improve results. In this round 2, the talker gets different diagram, and the listener can speak and ask questions. After the allotted time has passed, partners should compare results again. Then bring the two groups together to talk about the benefits of both types of communication.