Noun Clause --- Quoted & Reported Speech Quoted Speech (Direct Speech ) Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)

Quoted Speech Punctuation Original Capitalizing

Inside the quotation marks. Quoted Speech Inside the quotation marks. Capitalizing e.g. 1. She said, “ My friend is a YUELI student.” 2. “My friend is a YUELI student,” she said. 3. “My friend,” she said , “ is a YUELI student .” Original

Quoted Speech---Differences 1.Subject Pronoun “My friend is a YUELI student,” she said. Noun “My friend is a YUELI student,” said Yang. 2.Comma Need comma No comma “Where is my friend?” she asked.

Quoted Speech Quoting more than one sentence “My brother is a student,” she said. “He is attending a university.”

Reported Speech No quotation marks Verb forms “tell” VS “say”

Reported Speech e.g. “I am watching TV.” She said she was watching TV. “I watched TV.” She said she had watched TV. No “…” VF

Reported Speech e.g. No Change 1. should, might, ought to “I should watch TV.” She said she should watch TV. 2. A general truth “The word is round.” She said the word is round.

Reported Speech e.g. No Change 3. Reporting Verb “I watch TV every day.” She says she watches TV every day. She has said that she watches TV every day. She will say that she watches TV every day.

Reported Speech ! He told me he would be late. Tell VS Say Imperative Infinitive e.g. “Watch TV.” She told me to watch TV. ! He told me he would be late. He said he would be late. He said to me he

Noun Clauses & The Subjunctive Subjunctive verb simple form present, past, future forms singular & plural Stress the importance or urgency

Noun Clauses & The Subjunctive e.g. 1.The teacher demands that we be on time. Subjunctive verb Subject 2.I insist that he pay me the money. 3.I recommended that she not go to school. 4.It is important that they be told the truth.

Noun Clauses & The Subjunctive I suggested that she see a doctor. I suggested that she should see a doctor. BrE Common verbs advise, ask, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest ……

Noun Clauses & -ever words -ever words the idea of any whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, whoever, whomever, however

Noun Clauses & -ever words e.g. 1.You may dress however you please. 2. You may leave whenever you want. whomever AmE: rare & very formal He makes friends easily with whomever he meets. He makes friends easily with whoever he meets. (BrE)

Reference Azar, B.S. (2002). Understanding and Using English Grammar. 3rd Ed. NY: Pearson Education, Longman. PP239-266

Noun clause Thank you!