1. REPORTED SPEECH
I speak English.

2. “I speak English.”
direct speech
He says that he speaks English.
reported speech (no backshift)
reported speech (backshift)
He said that he spoke English.

3. Statements
If the sentence starts in the present, there is no backshift of tenses in Reported speech.
Example: Susan: "I work in an office." Susan says that she works in an office.
2) If the sentence starts in the past, there is often backshift of tenses in Reported speech.
Example: Susan: "I work in an office." Susan said that she worked in an office.

4. When transforming statements, check whether you have to change:
Pronouns
present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
place and time expressions
tenses (backshift)

5. Backshift of tenses
from to
Simple Present
Simple Past
Past Perfect
Present Perfect
will
would
The verbs could, should, would, might, must, needn’t, ought to, used to do not normally change.
Example:
He said, “She might be right.” – He said that she might be right.

6. Shifting of expressions of time
Peter: "I worked in the garden yesterday." Peter said that he had worked in the garden the day before.
this (evening)
that (evening)
today/this day
that day
these (days)
those (days)
now
then
(a week) ago
(a week) before
last weekend
the weekend before / the previous weekend
here
there
next (week)
the following (week)
tomorrow
the next/following day

7. Reported questions
If you put a question into Reported speech there are some steps which are the same like in statements:
changing of the person,
backshift of tenses,
changing of expressions of time.
In Reported speech there is no question anymore, the sentence becomes a statement. That's why the word order is: subject - verb
Question without question words (yes/no questions):
Peter: "Do you play football?" - Peter asked me whether (if) I played football.
Question with question words:
Peter: "When do you play football?" - Peter asked me when I played football.

8. Reported commands
The form is mostly: form of to tell +person + to + infinitive.
Affirmative commands
Father: "Do your homework.”
Father told me to do my homework.
Negative commands
Teacher. "Don't talk to your neighbour."
The teacher told me not to talk to my neighbour.

9. Requests
The basic rule for requests is: introductory clause + ‚to‘ + infinite verb.
Example:
“Say hello to your mum.“
She asked me to say hello to my mum.
Advise expressions with must, should and ought are usually reported using advise / urge.
Example:
“You must read that book.“
He advised / urged me to read that book.
The expression let’s is usually reported using suggest. In this case, there are various possibilities for reported speech: gerund or statement with should.
Example:
“Let’s go to the cinema.“
He suggested going to the cinema.
He suggested that we should go.to the cinema.