Byzantine Empire/Islam Study guide November 8 th, 2013

Byzantine Empire/ Islam Study Guide 1.Protection of the eastern frontier Distance from Germanic invasions in the western empire Crossroads of trade Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordered by natural harbors 2. Seat of the Byzantine Empire until Ottoman conquest Preserved classical Greco-Roman culture Center of trade

3. Justinian 4. Reconquest of former Roman territories Expansion of trade 5. The Code of Roman Law- impact on European legal codes 6. provided by Christian religion and imperial power

7. (religious images) 8. Tiled colored pictures on public and religious structures 9. a Byzantine domed church 10. Continued flourishing of Greco-Roman traditions Greek language (as contrasted with Latin in the West)

11. Greek and Roman knowledge preserved in Byzantine libraries 12. Centered in Constantinople Close to seat of power after Constantinople became capital Use of Greek language in the liturgy 13. Centered in Rome Farther from seat of power after Constantinople became capital Use of Latin language in the liturgy

14. Authority of the Pope eventually accepted in the West Authority of the Patriarch accepted in the East Practices such as celibacy eventually accepted in the West 15. Baltic Sea and Black Sea 16. Orthodox Christianity 17. Greek alphabet for the Slavic languages by St. Cyril (Cyrillic alphabet)

18. Church architecture and religious art 19. Muhammad 20. Mecca and Medina 21. Across Asia and Africa and into Spain 22. Monotheism: Allah (Arabic word for God) Five Pillars of Islam

23. The Quran(Koran) 24. Acceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets, including Moses and Jesus 25. Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia facilitated by weak Byzantine and Persian empires 26. Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina Expansion despite great distances, desert environments, and mountain barriers

27. Political Unity 28. Arabic language 29.Race 30. Death of Ali 31.Jerusalem and Damascus 32.Baghdad 33.Battle of Tours

34.The Mongols 35. Architecture (Dome of the Rock)Mosaics Arabic alphabet Universities Translation of ancient texts into Arabic 36. Arabic numerals (adapted from India, including zero Algebra Medicine Expansion of geographic knowledge

37. maps that show human-made features, such as national boundaries, cities, and roads.- Physical Maps: maps that show natural features such as landforms, elevation, and bodies of water. 38. Anatolia, Turkey 39. Written law codes 40. Severed under the “ MANDATE FROM HEAVEN ” as long as their rule was just

41. Represented words, sounds and ideas 42. Humility Simple life and inner peace Harmony with nature 43. which influenced all social interactions and choices of occupations 44. Asoka Continued political unification of much of India Contributions: Spread of Buddhism, free hospitals, veterinary clinics, good roads

45. Athens and Sparta 46. He ruled during the Golden age of Athens 47. Established an empire from Greece to Egypt and the margins of India Extended Greek cultural influences 48. Because he had become too powerful 49. Patricians: Powerful nobility (few in number) Plebeians: Majority of population(middle class)