THE PLANT KINGDOM

All plants: Are Multicellular Are Autotrophic – photosynthetic Have cell walls with cellulose (that polysaccharide that we can’t digest – burp!) Have chloroplasts in their cells.

Basic plant Parts: Leaves Stems Roots Flowers seeds

Leaves Main site of photosynthesis Consist of: –Blade –Veins –Petiole

Leaves can be simple or compound Simple – have one blade Compound - have many blades per leaf

Veins in leaves Pinnate palmate

stems Support leaves and flowers Transport water and nutrients within plant May be used for storage (potato)

Types of stems: 1.Herbaceous 2.Shrub 3.Vine 4.tree

roots Absorb water and minerals Anchor plant Some store food (carrot)

Root tip

Types of roots: Tap root Fibrous root

Flower – reproductive organ Produces male and female gametes Provides structure for fertilization

seeds Reproductive structure containing stored food and plant embryo

Dispersal adaptations Wind Water animals

fruit Structure containing seeds

Plants in the biosphere Producers – base of the food chain. –Energy in plants is transferred to all other organisms when the plants get eaten

Provide oxygen for aerobic organisms

Provide shelter for many organisms

Human uses: Agriculture: 90% of the food you eat directly or indirectly comes from only 20 different kinds of cultivated plants: –Rice, corn, wheat, potatoes, etc.

Medicines from plants

industry

Uses of cellulose

Fossil fuels

Problems caused by plants Some are poisonous… Weeds Root damage………..

Plant cells Rigid cell wall of cellulose and other tough materials Cells are connected to each other by shared cytoplasm Large central vacuoles

Plant tissues tissue= group of similar cells performing the same function Dermal – protective, covering –Outermost layer –Protection – includes bark in trees –Some cells contain chloroplasts, so they perform photosynthesis

Vascular tissue – transport or conduct materials around plant Xylem – water and minerals up phloem – food down

Ground tissue – fundamental tissue – not vascular, dermal or meristematic ground tissue–

Parts of a Flower carpel receptacle

Pollination – transfer of pollen from anther to carpel Self pollination……………. Wind pollination………. Insect/bird/bat pollination

Fertilization Occurs after pollination

Seeds Monocot seed Dicot seed embryo

Seedling growth

Classification of Plants

Plant diversity Nonvascular plants: Bryophytes – mosses – no xylem or phloem

Vascular plants – xylem and phloem Nonseed vascular plants - Ferns – reproduce using spores

Seed producing vascular plants Gymnosperms –Naked seeds (oh my!) Angiosperms- –flowers

Length of life of a plant Annual biennial perennial

The end