1. Kingdom Plantae

2. General Characteristics
Eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that carry out photosynthesis
Cell walls contain cellulose
Plants develop from embryos protected by tissues of the parent plant
Includes mosses, ferns, conifers and flowering plants

3. Plant Life Cycle Alternation of Generations
One generation is haploid and the other is diploid
Called the gametophyte and sporophyte generations
Pg.435, fig

4. Non-Vascular Plants
Lack true roots, stems and leaves and do not have specialized tissues to transport materials throughout the plant.
Bryophytes: mosses, liverworts and hornworts

6. Vascular Plants Tracheophytes
Conducting tissues Xylem and Phloem, allows plants to grow much taller.
Spore producing vascular plants.
Seed producing vascular plants.

7. Spore-Producing Vascular Plants
Need water to complete life cycle
Club mosses and Horsetails
Most primitive tracheophytes
Ferns (p.438)
More widespred
Fronds contain sporangia which contain spores

8. Seed-Producing Vascular Plants
Most successful plants on Earth
Two main groups: cones and flowers
Sexual reproduction occurs by pollination
Do not need water to compete life cycle

9. Gymnosperms Conifers, gnetae, ginkgos and cycads (p.439)
Cones: specialized reproductive structures
Male (pollen cone) and female (seed) cones

10. Angiosperms Flowering plants
Reproduce sexually by means of flowers and pollination
Seeds are contained in a protective wall which develops into a fruit

11. Angiosperm Life Cycle Most successful plants on Earth
Using flowers as reproductive structures frees the need for water
Ingenious seed dispersal methods
Well protected seeds

12. The Flower
Defining reproductive structure

13. Pollination
Angiosperms have developed amazing variety of methods to transfer pollen from one flower to another.
Self-pollination: pollen from the same plant fertilizes an egg cell
Cross-pollination: more common. Pollen is transferred from one plant to another of the same species by wind, water or animals.
Flowers are adapted to specific methods of pollination

14. Fertilization
Pg. 442