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Kingdom Plantae
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What We’re Learning Essential Question
Would life on Earth exist without plants? Objectives Explain what a plant is Describe what plants need to survive Describe how the first plants evolved
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Classifying Plants Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae
Cell type: Eukaryote Cell structure: Cell wall with cellulose, chloroplasts Cell number: Multicellular Mode of reproduction: Sexual, Asexual Mode of nutrition: Autotrophs Habitat: Live almost anywhere in any climate; in water, on land, desert, rainforest, arctic, etc. Examples: mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
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Ferns and their relatives
Flowering plants Cone-bearing plants Ferns and their relatives Mosses and their relatives Green algae ancestor Flowers; Seeds Enclosed in Fruit Seeds Water-Conducting (Vascular) Tissue
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Characteristics of All Plants
Carry out Photosynthesis. Need for Survival… Sunlight Water and Minerals Gas exchange (Carbon Dioxide) Movement of water and nutrients
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4 groups of Plantae 1. Bryophyta- mosses, short, no vascular tissue, get water by osmosis 2. Seedless vascular plants— ferns, xylem & phloem move fluids, life cycle includes spores 3. Gymnosperms- conifers, naked seeds on cones 4. Angiosperms- flowering plants, enclosed seeds in ovary, largest group & most diverse group
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Seedless vascular - ferns
Bryophyta - mosses Seedless vascular - ferns Angiosperm - have flowers Gymnosperm- have cones
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Cone-bearing plants 760 species
Flowering plants 235,000 species Ferns and their relatives 11,000 species Mosses and their relatives 15,600 species
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Angiosperms Can be divided as: Monocot vs. dicot Woody vs. herbaceous
Annuals, biennials, perennials
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Monocots Dicots Single cotyledon Parallel veins Floral parts often in multiples of 3 Vascular bundles scattered throughout stem Fibrous roots Seeds Two cotyledons Branched veins Floral parts often in multiples of 4 or 5 Vascular bundles arranged in a ring Taproot Leaves Flowers Stems Roots
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Roots, Stems, & Leaves Roots: absorb water, anchor plant
Stems: make leaves, support system, transport system Leaves: photosynthesis, gas exchange, transpiration
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Vascular Tissue Transports fluids and nutrients
Xylem- carries water roots to leaves Remember WXYZ W=water XY=xylem Z=‘xylem’ pronounced ‘zylem’ Phloem- carries food, (phf), leaves to root Remember Ph f, ‘food’
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Reproduction Gymnosperms male pollen cones female seed cones
Seeds are reproductive organs
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Angiosperm Reproduction
Pollen lands on stigma, sends pollen tube to ovary Male gametophyte fertilizes female gametophyte, embryo forms Embryo is protected by ovary - becomes a fruit Endosperm forms from polar bodies in ovary and 2nd male gametophyte in pollen
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Filament Anther Stigma Style Ovary Carpel Petal Sepal Ovule Stamen
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Seed Dispersal Wind & water scatter seeds Animals eating fruit
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Other facts Seeds can remain dormant until conditions are right for germination. Plants can reproduce by growth of plantlets, cuttings, and grafting
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Plant Responses and Adaptations
Tropisms are responses to external stimuli—gravity, & touch, light—phototropism Plants have adapted to all types of conditions—water, salt, deserts, cold, etc.
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