Cultural Diversity Preview Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Sociology 4/15/2017 Cultural Diversity Preview Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Section 2: Cultural Variation Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter 2

Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Read to Discover What is the meaning of the term culture, and how do material culture and nonmaterial culture differ? What are the basic components of culture?

Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Culture consists of all the shared products of human groups which include physical objects, beliefs, values, and behaviors shared by a group.

Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Question How do material culture and nonmaterial culture differ?

Section 1: The Meaning of Culture MATERIAL CULTURE NONMATERIAL CULTURE

Section 1: The Meaning of Culture All the shared products of human groups MATERIAL CULTURE NONMATERIAL CULTURE Physical objects that people create and use Abstract human creations Examples Examples Beliefs, family patterns, ideas, language, political and economic systems, rules Automobiles, books, buildings, clothing, computers

Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Question What are the basic components of culture?

Basic Components of Culture Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Basic Components of Culture Technology—physical objects and rules for using them Symbols—anything that represents something else and has a shared meaning

Basic Components of Culture Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Basic Components of Culture Language—the organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system

Basic Components of Culture Values—shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong

Basic Components of Culture Norms—shared rules of conduct

Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Levels of Culture Culture trait—individual tool, act, or belief that is related to a particular situation or need Culture complex—cluster of interrelated traits Culture pattern—combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole

Section 2: Cultural Variation Read to Discover What are cultural universals, and why do they exist? What do the terms ethnocentrism and cultural relativism mean? What factors account for variations among and within cultures?

Section 2: Cultural Variation Cultural universals—general features common to all cultures, such as cooking, dancing, and medicine ALL societies must develop certain features to ensure their fulfillment.

Section 2: Cultural Variation Question What do the terms ethnocentrism and cultural relativism mean?

Section 2: Cultural Variation Ethnocentrism—tendency to view one’s own culture and group as superior to other different cultures Ethno = people, ethnic group centrism= centered

Section 2: Cultural Variation Ethnocentrism

Section 2: Cultural Variation Cultural Relativism—belief that a culture should be judged by its own standards rather than by those of another culture

Section 2: Cultural Variation Relativism

Section 2: Cultural Variation Relativism

Section 2: Cultural Variation Question What factors account for variations among and within cultures?

Section 2: Cultural Variation Subculture—group within a society which shares values, norms, and behaviors that are not shared by the entire population

Section 2: Cultural Variation Counterculture—subculture which rejects the major values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural values

Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding Main Ideas List five examples of material culture and five examples of nonmaterial culture. What is language, and why is it such an important part of culture? How do folkways, mores, and laws differ? List three examples of each type of norm. How do cultural traits, cultural complexes, and cultural patterns differ? How did Margaret Mead contribute to the study of cultures? What is ethnocentrism? How does it differ from cultural relativism? How are subcultures and countercultures related?