1. CHAPTER 2 Cultural Diversity
Sociology
CHAPTER 2 Cultural Diversity
Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
Section 2: Cultural Variation
Chapter 1

2. Objectives: Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
Define the meaning of the term culture and explain how material culture and non- material culture differ.
Identify and describe the basic components of culture.

3. Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
Culture – consists of all the shared products of a human group which include physical objects, beliefs, values and behaviors shared by a group
Material Culture – are the physical objects that people create and use such as books, buildings, clothing, and cooking
Nonmaterial Culture – are the abstract human creations that include beliefs, family patterns, ideas and language

4. Basic Components of Culture
Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
Basic Components of Culture
TECHNOLOGY: physical objects and rules for using them. Ex. Computer, car, can opener
SYMBOLS: anything that represents something else and has a shared meaning. Ex. Logos
LANGUAGE: the organization of writter or spoken symbols into a standardized system. Ex. English
VALUES: shared beliefs what is good and bad, right or wrong. Ex.
NORMS: shared rules of conduct. Ex. Shaking hands to greet someone

5. Question: How do material culture and nonmaterial culture differ?
SECTION 1
The Meaning of Culture
Question:
How do material culture and nonmaterial culture differ?

6. The Meaning of Culture SECTION 1 CULTURE Material Culture
All the shared products of human groups
Material Culture
Non Material Culture
Physical objects that people create and use
Ex. Cars, books, clothing computers, etc.
Abstract human creations
Ex. Beliefs, family patterns, ideas, political and economic systems, and rules

7. Sociology, Tuesday Aug 27 Chap 2, Section 2 Cultural Variation
Parent Letter for HW – due Thursday HW
Chapter 2 Wrap-up Questions 1 – 6 in notebook pg. 3

8. Objectives: Section 2: Cultural Variation
Describe cultural universals and explain why they exist.
Explain what the terms ethnocentrism and cultural relativism mean.
Identify factors that account for variations among and within cultures.

9. Section 2: Cultural Variation
CULTURAL UNIVERSALS
CULTURAL UNIVERSALS – general traits common to all cultures.
Exist because some needs are so basic that all societies must develop certain features to ensure their fulfillment.
Examples – The movie Babies
Although the babies are in different regions of the world, all need the support of their family to survive.

10. ENTHOCENTRISM and CULTURAL RELATIVISM
Section 2: Cultural Variation
ENTHOCENTRISM and CULTURAL RELATIVISM
ENTHOCENTRISM – the tendency to view one’s own culture and group as superior to other different cultures.
CULTURAL RELATIVISM – belief that a culture should be judged by its own standards rather than by those of another culture.

11. SECTION 1
The Meaning of Culture
Question:
What do the terms ethnocentrism and cultural relativism mean?

12. The Meaning of Culture SECTION 1 Ethnocentrism Cultural Relativism
The tendency to view one’s own culture and group as superior to other different cultures
Belief that a culture should be judged by its own standards rather than by those of another culture
Example
Example
Nazi, Black Panthers,
KKK, America vs. Europe
Rituals or beliefs that seem strange to us but acceptable in the culture

13. Section 2: Cultural Variation
ENTHOCENTRISM – the tendency to view one’s own culture and group as superior to other different cultures.

14. Section 2: Cultural Variation
CULTURAL RELATIVISM– belief that a culture should be judged by its own standards rather than by those of another culture.
Video – throwing the babies in India for good luck.

15. Factors That Account for Variations Among and Within Cultures
Section 2: Cultural Variation
Factors That Account for Variations Among and Within Cultures
SUBCULTURE – shared values, norms, and behaviors that are not shared by the entire population.
Examples?
COUNTERCULTURE – rejection of the major values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replacing them with a new set of cultural values.

16. Section 2: Cultural Variation
SUBCULTURE
shared values, norms, and behaviors that are not shared by the entire population.
Example: Cosplay video

17. Section 2: Cultural Variation
COUNTERCULTURE
– rejection of the major values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replacing them with a new set of cultural values. Examples Hippy, Grunge and Rap

18. Chapter Wrap-up SECTION 2
List three examples of material culture and three examples of nonmaterial culture
What is language and why is it such an important part of culture?
How do folkways, mores, and laws differ? List examples of each type of norm
How do cultural traits, cultural complexes and cultural patterns differ?
What is enthocentrism? How does it differ from cultural relativism?
How are subcultures and countercultures related?