1. The Meaning of Culture
Chapter 2 – Section 1

2. What Is Culture?

3. Culture Shared products of human groups Physical objects
Beliefs, values, and behavior

4. Material Culture? Nonmaterial Culture? Society
Organization of a independent group of people
What do they organize?

5. Components of Culture

6. Technology
Combination of objects and rules
Symbols

7. Language
Organization of written and spoken symbols into a standardized system
Values
Shared beliefs

8. Norms
Shared rules of conduct
Folkways
Socially acceptable behavior

9. Mores Laws Great moral significance for society
The written rules of conduct in society

10. Cultural Traits Culture Complexes Culture Patterns
Simple levels of culture
Culture Complexes
Cluster of interrelated traits
Culture Patterns
Combination of culture complexes

11. Cultural Variation
Chapter 2 – Section 2

12. What Do We Have in Common
Cultural Universal
All cultures have the same needs – Why are they different?
Family as cultural universal

13. Variations Among Societies
Cultural differences
Inherited characteristics
Cultural influences

14. The Arapesh Society based on complete cooperation
Shared work responsibilities between women and men
Marriage arrangements for girls

15. The Mundugumor Headhunter Hostility between family members
Men and women extremely aggressive
Hostility between family members
Fathers linked to daughter
Mothers linked to sons

16. Comparing the Two Societies
Arapesh – living in the mountains
Farmers
Mundugumor – living in a river valley
Gatherer

17. Studying Variation Ethnocentrism
Tendency to see one’s own culture and group as superior

18. Cultural Relativism
Different cultures should be judged by their own standards
Example – India

19. Variation Within Society
Subculture
Values, norms and behaviors not shared with the entire population
Groups add diversity

20. Counterculture
Groups reject major values, norms and practices of the larger society
Replaced by new set of cultural pattern
Do they become a threat to society?