LESSON 2C – ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR Essential Question How did the US and the Soviet Union become Cold War adversaries? Learning Outcomes - Students will: Preview – Iron Curtain? Analyze Post WW1 and WW2 cartoons/pics Learn about post-war American/Soviet foreign policy decisions Success Criteria I can make foreign policy decisions based in the postwar context

PREVIEW What is the Iron Curtain? Where is it? What could have been prevented? Why does he mention it in this speech? Churchill gave a speech on Mar 5, 1946

VOCAB Iron Curtain Hegemony Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Molotov Plan

THE IRON CURTAIN Stalin had been setting up Soviet- controlled gov’ts in Poland and Eastern Europe Soviet hegemony was established Ex. Romanian king was forced to insert Petru Groza’s communist party as gov’t Ex. In Bulgaria, communist opposition parties were arrested and threats of violence are used Stalin responds to Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech “needed to ensure its security” Calls it ‘racist’ and a call to war with the Soviet Union

Based on this picture, what might be your first foreign policy challenge? What are your goals? What is the situation on the ground? What are your choices + consequence of those choices? What do you think the other side will do? Did you reach your goal? The Iron Curtain has descended on Europe. Now Greece is involved in a civil war between communists and nationalists, who may try to take Turkey next.

USSoviet Union Greek Civil War Democracy Capitalism Containment Goals Security Communism Britain could no longer help the Greek gov’t, which may fall if they don’t receive help On the Ground Communists in Greece are receiving support from Yugoslavia and could succeed Do Nothing Give financial aid to the Greek gov’t to boost the economy and stop communism Send troops to defeat the communists Take control of the Greek gov’t and expel the communists Possible Actions + Consequences Do Nothing Give financial aid to the Greek communists Send troops to defeat help the communist rebels Spark a civil war in Turkey while the US is distracted Reaction Goal?

US Greek Civil War Democracy Capitalism Containment Goals Britain could no longer help the Greek gov’t On the Ground Do Nothing Give financial aid to the Greek gov’t to boost the economy and stop communism Send troops to defeat the communists Take control of the Greek gov’t and expel the communists Possible Actions + Consequenc es Reaction Goal?

Soviet Union Greek Civil War Goals Security Communism On the Ground Communists in Greece are receiving support from Yugoslavia Possible Actions + Consequenc es Do Nothing Give financial aid to the Greek communists Send troops to defeat help the communist rebels Spark a civil war in Turkey while the US is distracted Reaction Goal? Critical Thinking Question A: How should the Soviet Union respond to the civil war in Greece? Option 1: Do nothing – the US isn’t doing anything Option 2: Give financial aid to the Greek communists to give them a better chance of winning Option 3: send troops to defeat the nationalists Option 4: spark a civil war in Turkey while the US is distracted

TRUMAN DOCTRINE What is the Truman Doctrine? Why was it created? What will the US do in Greece?

Based on this picture, what might be your first foreign policy challenge? What are your goals? What is the situation on the ground? What are your choices + consequence of those choices? What do you think the other side will do? Did you reach your goal?

POSTWAR EUROPE Workers strike Poor went to communism to solve problems (resisted the Nazis from the beginning) France and Italy had a large communist following

USSoviet Union Postwar Europe Democracy Capitalism Truman Doctrine Goals Security Communism Millions dead, cities destroyed and homes lost. A lot of discontent which a perfect breeding ground for communism On the Ground Do Nothing Supply loans to longtime European allies Fund any country as long as they spend it in the US Send military advisors to help rebuild Possible Actions + Consequences Reaction Goal?

US Postwar Europe Democracy Capitalism Truman Doctrine Goals Millions dead, cities destroyed and homes lost. A lot of discontent which a perfect breeding ground for communism On the Ground Do Nothing Supply loans to longtime European allies Fund any country as long as they spend it in the US Send military advisors to help rebuild Possible Actions + Consequences Reaction Goal?

END OF ISOLATIONISM

MARSHALL PLAN Marshall Plan (‘48) – offered ALL Euro nations (including USSR) funds to rebuild as long as the money was spent on US goods $12 billion to 16 nations Based on the belief that rebuilding shattered economies was the best way to stop the spread of communism Industrial production increased 35%, agricultural production surpassed pre-war numbers, help lead to 2 decades of Euro growth Americanized many countries, especially Austria, through pop culture, like Hollywood movies and rock n’ roll

Soviet Union Postwar Europe Goals Security Communism On the Ground Marshall Plan aid is available for countries in your sphere of influence Possible Actions + Consequences Allow countries to receive Marshall Plan aid from the US Supply your own loans to allies Provided preferential trade policies in your sphere of influence Send military advisors to help rebuilding Reaction Goal? Critical Thinking Question C: How should the Soviet Union respond Marshall Plan aid? Option 1: Allow countries in Eastern Europe to receive Marshall Plan funds Option 2: Supply your own loans for your allies Option 3: provide preferential trade policies in your sphere of influence Option 4: send military advisors to help rebuilding

MOLOTOV PLAN Molotov Plan (‘49) – created 2-way agreements with Soviet Union and Eastern European countries in order to integrate their economies Stalin didn’t allow any E. European country to receive Marshall Plan aid Believe Marshall Plan was a way for the US to expand its sphere of influence Not as successful Ex. USSR gave aid to E. Europe but also demanded reparations from Axis Ex. E. Germany was stripped of all its industry

NOTE-TAKING CHECK! What I will check? 1.Vocab definition? 2.Did you take notes for today? 3.How did the US and the Soviet Union become Cold War adversaries? How did the situation in Europe help increase hostilities? Did you add 1~2 sentences? Did you add a vocab word? If we do not answer the essential question in class, your HW is to add 1~2 sentences after each class