Persia and India Unit 3

Bellringer Write down what you remember from the video last class about the Persian Empire

Agenda Bellringer Religions Chart Reading Lecture Timeline – Homework Reading Ch 4.3 in textbook

Objectives Describe Zoroastrianism within Persia Explain Persians tolerance towards others

Religions Chart Complete the Judaism Colum on your religions chart using your notes Complete Zoroastrianism column using pg 96

Mesopotamia after the Sumerians Assyrians – Warrior people From Northern Mesopotamia Lack of natural barriers make them war like

Assyrians Military Glorified military strength – Iron making technology Iron swords, spear, and arrows – Tactics – Engineering Planned ahead

Assyrian Treatment of Captive People Killed or enslaved captives Moved conquered people away from their homelands

Assyrian Expansion First captured Mesopotamia and later Egypt and Anatolia

Assyrian Rule Organized territories into provinces Emperies close people to govern areas or supported Kings who gave in to the Assyrians Taxes and tribute Armies protect the empire

Assyrian Culture War Lion hunts Capital city: Nineveh – Library

Fall of the Assyrian Empire Had many enemies Chaldean destroy Nineveh – Rebuilt Babylon – Hanging gardens

Bellringer Pull out Grapes chart for Persia

Agenda Review GRAPES Chart Persia PowerPoint Creation of timeline Homework: Ch 3.1 and 3.2 Worksheet

Objective Summarize the key aspects of the Persian Empire.

Pop Challenge Place in the correct order. – Phoenicians – Persians – Babylonians – Assyrians – Hebrews

People of Mesopotamia Hebrews Phoenicians Assyrians All conquered by the Babylonians (the New Babylonians!) Then by the Persians

Assyrian Empire

(New) Babylon

Persian Empire

Babylonians King Nebuchadnezzar Hanging Gardens (a Wonder of the World) Forced the Hebrews to move to Babylon as slaves – Babylonian Captivity (also called the Exile)

Persians Conquered the Middle East, Egypt, modern- day Iran and Afghanistan, Asia Minor, and even into Europe

1. Where would you find the oldest part of the Persian empire?

2. When did the Persian empire reach its greatest extent?

Cyrus the Great Founder of the Persian Empire Conquered many lands Known for his tolerance of other cultures and religions Allowed the Hebrews to return to and rebuild Jerusalem

Cyrus the Great Called “the Great” because of his conquests, and because people loved him Persian Empire expanded easily, conquered peoples wanted to be a part of it

Persian Tombs Known as the “king of kings”

Cambyses Cyrus’ son. He’s not so great. Cambyses is everything his father is not – Intolerant – Mean – Disliked When he dies, the empire falls apart

Ms. Heath’s Rule of World History #4 Power will collapse without respect

Darius The winner of a mini-civil war was Darius Not related to Cyrus, but carries on his tradition Creates the largest empire in the world up to that time

Darius Re-conquers the empire Restores tolerance Invades Greece Creates the Persian imperial achievements

Persia’s Achievements Imperial bureaucracy The Royal Road

Imperial Bureaucracy Imperial = belonging to an empire Bureaucracy = organizational structure in government that is in charge of running things Darius built a really good one to manage his large empire

The Royal Road Connected the major Persian cities Important for: – Communication (messenger system) – Trade – Moving armies

3. Where were the two endpoints of the Royal Road?

Persian Religion Called Zoroastrianism, named after the prophet Zoroaster Monotheistic – Ahura Mazda Based on conflict between good and evil People choose sides and their soul is rewarded for choosing well

Persia Timeline Create a timeline of the Persian Empire – Label at 5 major events in Persian History – Write a Description for each event – Add two visuals for your timeline

Bellringer Pull out a piece of paper and divide it into 4 part. Write Persia at the top In the four section write the following and write down what you remember for each section – Government – Religion – Achievements – Leaders

Agenda Bellringer Review of Persia Indo Europeans – Religions Chart Vocabulary Homework – Worksheet 7.1 & 7.2

Objectives 28. Explain the impact of Aryan migration into India. 29. Describe the major beliefs and traditions of Hinduism

PERSIA REVIEW Use the back of your paper

Question 1 Place in the correct order 1.Assyrians 2.Persians 3.Hebrew 4.Babylonian

Question 2 Which of the following was the Religion of the Persian Empire A.Buddhism B.Zoroasterism C.Hinduism D.Ziggerat

Question 3 Compared to the Assryians the Persians….. 1.Were tolerant towards conquered people 2.Were Mean towards conquered people 3.Tortured and cut off their heads

Question 4 Which map if of the Persian Empire? A B

Question 5 Name one achievement of the Persian Empire

Indus River Valley Decline begins around 1750 BC Reason for fall is unknown

India Geography Isolated – Peninsula – Sub-continent Himalaya Hindu-Kush But, mountain passes allow migration

Aryan Migrations Aryan nomadic groups – Come from north of the Black Sea – Move into parts of Asia and Europe Settle in India among the agricultural people already there

Aryan Culture Aryans brought elements of their culture to India – Gods – Sacred writings: the Vedas and Upanishads – Religious rituals – Social class structure Imposed their beliefs on the natives

World Religions Chart Pull out your world religions chart Using your book complete the Hinduism column of your chart – Pg Chapter 3.2

HINDUISM

The Caste System The rigid social class structure in India, a part of Hindu beliefs – Caste determines your social status, job, friends, spouse – Cannot change caste in your lifetime – Move up if you lead a good life and follow the rules

The Caste System

The Brahman Hindu spiritual goal is to reunite their individual soul with Brahman, the “World Soul” The world, all individuals and individual souls, and all gods derive from the Brahman

Hindu Gods All gods are “manifestations” of the Brahman Manifestation: appearance in bodily form – Hundreds or thousands of “gods” – VERY open religion – can worship many different things and be a Hindu Is it polytheistic or monotheistic?

Hindu Gods Common Hindu Gods – Brahma, the creator – Vishnu, the preserver – Shiva, the destroyer

Freeing the Soul To reunite your atman with the Brahman, you must achieve perfect understanding: moksha This takes more than one lifetime! Reincarnation (or rebirth in a new body) occurs after the cycle of life, samsara, is complete Reaching moksha ends reincarnation

Reincarnation Your position in the next life is determined by karma, the sum of your good and bad deeds and how well you performed your dharma, or the duty of your role in life Dharma is associated with your caste, and karma determines what caste you return to – a very serious punishment or reward

Ms. Heath’s Rule of World History #5 They’re called gods for a reason

Bellringer On a sheet of paper answer the following question Match the word with the correct definition Moska Dharma Karma 1.the sum of your good and bad deeds 2.achieve perfect understanding 3.the duty of your role in life

Agenda Bellringer POP quiz Buddhism Video Religions chart

Objectives Explain the connection between Buddhism and Hinduism Identify the characteristic of Buddhism

Bellringer Write down 3 items you remember about Hinduism

Agenda Bellringer Finish Video Religions chart Buddhism v. Hinduism Homework: Study your Hinduism and Buddhism Vocabulary words

Buddhism

Hinduism’s Problems Some people did not like – Inequality – Inaccessibility (need priests to interact with gods for you)

The Solution A new faith Siddhartha Gautama grew up sheltered from the world. When he left his palace, he was shocked by what he saw – Became the founder of Buddhism

Buddha Siddhartha left his life in a palace to seek wisdom No one he met had any wisdom So he meditated under a tree until he discovered the truth about the world – He became known as the Buddha: awakened or enlightened one

Four Noble Truths 1.To live is to suffer 2.Suffering is caused by desire 3.To end suffering, you must get rid of all desires 4.To do so, follow the Eightfold Path to enlightenment

Nirvana nirvana : Enlightenment (unfair) Enlightenment can be achieved by acting, thinking, and believing in the proper way Nirvana ends your soul’s reincarnation

Karma Buddhists believe in karma, much like Hindus Instead of determining caste, karma provides your reincarnated self with desirable qualities (wealth, beauty, influence, etc.) Karma is based on your intentions, not just your actions

Solving Problems Hinduism has inequality – Buddhism rejects the caste system. All Buddhists belong to the religious community Hinduism is inaccessible, requires priests – Buddhism is very personal, individual meditation and self-improvement – Can reach nirvana in a single lifetime

About Buddha Buddha is not a god! “Buddha” is a title granted to Siddhartha Gautama Fat Buddha, and Buddha worship, is a later Chinese development

Religious Spread

Bellringer Pull out your Mauryan and Gupta Empire GRAPES Chart

Agenda Lecture Mauryan and Gupta Empires Short Video Clip Essay Writing Homework Complete your essay for homework

HEADS UP TEST NEXT WEDNESDAY!!

Objective Creating a compare and contrast thesis Identifying the characteristics of Classical India

MAURYAN EMPIRE

Geography Majority of India except southern tip

Religion Hinduism Buddhism – Asoka converts to Buddhism

Asoka Chandragupta’s Son Harsh and Brutal Warrior Battle at Kautilya – Kills 100,000 soldiers – Feels bad – Starts studying Buddhism and converts Preaches nonviolence

Achievements Unifying India Sends missionaries to spread Buddhism-Asoka Road system – Rest houses and wells for travelers

Political Bureaucracy Divides empire into 4 provinces Royal prices govern provinces – Officials collect taxes and carry out laws

Economic Farming Trade- Indian Ocean trade

Social Class system Patriarchal

GUPTA EMPIRE

Geography Smaller than Mauryan Empire – Northern and Central India

Religion Hinduism

Achievements Art Literature Science and Math

Political Kings Alliances with regional kings

Economic Farming Trade

Social Caste System Patriarchal