1. Bellringer Glue in your: – Homework pg 63 – Preview pg 64 – Revisiting the fertile crescent pg 65 – Notes/ process pg 66 – Homework- in folder

2. Agenda Preview Reading Notes Process

3. India Geography Isolated – Peninsula – Sub-continent Himalaya Hindu-Kush But, mountain passes allow migration

4. Aryan Migrations Aryan nomadic groups – Come from north of the Black Sea – Move into parts of Asia and Europe Settle in India among the agricultural people already there

5. Aryan Culture Aryans brought elements of their culture to India – Gods – Sacred writings: the Vedas and Upanishads – Religious rituals – Social class structure Imposed their beliefs on the natives

6. The Caste System The rigid social class structure in India, a part of Hindu beliefs – Caste determines your social status, job, friends, spouse – Cannot change caste in your lifetime – Move up if you lead a good life and follow the rules

7. The Caste System

8. The Brahman Hindu spiritual goal is to reunite their individual soul with Brahman, the “World Soul” The world, all individuals and individual souls, and all gods derive from the Brahman

9. Hindu Gods All gods are “manifestations” of the Brahman Manifestation: appearance in bodily form – Hundreds or thousands of “gods” – VERY open religion – can worship many different things and be a Hindu Is it polytheistic or monotheistic?

10. Hindu Gods Common Hindu Gods – Brahma, the creator – Vishnu, the preserver – Shiva, the destroyer

11. Freeing the Soul To reunite your atman with the Brahman, you must achieve perfect understanding: moksha This takes more than one lifetime! Reincarnation (or rebirth in a new body) occurs after the cycle of life, samsara, is complete Reaching moksha ends reincarnation

12. Reincarnation Your position in the next life is determined by karma, the sum of your good and bad deeds and how well you performed your dharma, or the duty of your role in life Dharma is associated with your caste, and karma determines what caste you return to – a very serious punishment or reward

13. Ms. Heath’s Rule of World History #5 They’re called gods for a reason

14. Buddhism

15. Hinduism’s Problems Some people did not like – Inequality – Inaccessibility (need priests to interact with gods for you)

16. The Solution A new faith Siddhartha Gautama grew up sheltered from the world. When he left his palace, he was shocked by what he saw – Became the founder of Buddhism

17. The Buddha Siddhartha left his life in a palace to seek wisdom No one he met had any wisdom So he meditated under a tree until he discovered the truth about the world – He became known as the Buddha: awakened or enlightened one

18. Four Noble Truths 1.To live is to suffer 2.Suffering is caused by desire 3.To end suffering, you must get rid of all desires 4.To do so, follow the Eightfold Path to enlightenment

19. Nirvana nirvana : Enlightenment Enlightenment can be achieved by acting, thinking, and believing in the proper way Nirvana ends your soul’s reincarnation

20. Karma Buddhists believe in karma, much like Hindus Instead of determining caste, karma provides your reincarnated self with desirable qualities (wealth, beauty, influence, etc.) Karma is based on your intentions, not just your actions

21. Solving Problems Hinduism has inequality – Buddhism rejects the caste system. All Buddhists belong to the religious community Hinduism is inaccessible, requires priests – Buddhism is very personal, individual meditation and self-improvement – Can reach nirvana in a single lifetime

22. About Buddha Buddha is not a god! “Buddha” is a title granted to Siddhartha Gautama Fat Buddha, and Buddha worship, is a later Chinese development

23. Religious Spread

24. Agenda Quick review of Hinduism and Buddhism GRAPES chart (pg 173) Video Begin on homework Quiz next class and quiz from last class in your folders

25. MAURYAN EMPIRE

26. Geography Majority of India except southern tip

27. Religion Hinduism Buddhism – Asoka converts to Buddhism

28. Asoka Chandragupta’s grandson Harsh and Brutal Warrior Battle at Kautilya – Kills 100,000 soldiers – Feels bad – Starts studying Buddhism and converts Preaches nonviolence

29. Achievements Unifying India Sends missionaries to spread Buddhism-Asoka Road system – Rest houses and wells for travelers

30. Political Bureaucracy Divides empire into 4 provinces Royal prices govern provinces – Officials collect taxes and carry out laws

31. Economic Farming Trade- Indian Ocean trade

32. Social Class system Patriarchal

33. GUPTA EMPIRE

34. Geography Smaller than Mauryan Empire – Northern and Central India

35. Religion Hinduism

36. Achievements Art Literature Science and Math

37. Political Kings Alliances with regional kings

38. Economic Farming Trade

39. Social Caste System Patriarchal

40. Bellringer Glue in the following pages – Pg 75- HW from last night – Pg 76 Preview – Pg 77 DO NOT GLUE IN!!!! – Pg 78- Activity – Pg 79- process

41. Agenda Glue in pages Quiz Preview Notes Finish Video! And go over answers Activity Process

42. Homework Reading Packet Finish vocabulary Quiz next class – (will be taking notes home to help you study)

43. Reading Activity Read through the packet to complete page 77

44. Activity Decide which phrase belongs to which philosophy – Buddhism – Confucianism – Daoism

45. Who Said That? The Three Sages, that is, of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism, as illustrated in a late Ming period book. From left to right are Confucius, a Buddhist bodhisattva, and Laozi with the yin-yang symbol. [Safari Montage] Confucianism Buddhism Daoism

46. Buddhism Like a spider caught in its own web is a person driven by fierce cravings. Break out of the web, and turn away from the world of sensory pleasure and sorrow.

47. If a ruler himself is upright, all will go well without orders. But if he himself is not upright, even though he gives orders they will not be obeyed. Confucianism

48. Highest good is like water. Because water excels in benefitting the myriad creatures without contenting with them and settles where none would like to be, it comes close to the Way. Daoism

49. The mind is flighty, and hard to grasp; the mind pursues all its desires. To tame the mind is great goodness. Subdue the mind and know tranquility. Buddhism

50. The more laws and edicts are imposed, the more thieves and bandits there will be. Daoism

51. Be respectful at home, serious at work, faithful in human relations. Even if you go to uncivilized areas, these virtues are not to be abandoned. Confucianism

52. Seeing that our body, with hair and skin, is derived from our parents, we should not allow it to be injured in any way. This is the beginning of filial respect. We develop our own character and practice the way so as to perpetuate our name for future generations, and to bring honor to our parents. Confucianism

53. Life is a journey, death is a return to the earth, the universe is like an inn, the passing years are like dust. Buddhism

54. The sage, because he does nothing, never ruins anything; and, because he does not lay hold of anything, loses nothing. Daoism