The English Revolution 1603-1688

Objectives: How did Luther’s Reformation against a supreme authority = a representation of the people in England Why did Parliament and the Stuart Monarchy clash in England? What role did religion play in the English Revolution?

4 Phases of the English Revolution Transition from the Tudor to the Stuart Monarchy The English Commonwealth The Stuart Restoration The Glorious Revolution

English Revolution Parliament Vs King Puritan Vs Anglican

What is Parliament? House of Commons House of Lords Upper House Made up of Church Clergy Nobles granted Peerage Lower House Elected Reps Larger in size

What Gives Parliament its Power? 1215 – The Magna Carta Limited the Monarchies power over his subjects Empowered Parliament to levy taxes The content of the document was not as important as its symbolism The people have the right usurp a King who does not support law

What is a Puritan? The Reformation in England had not gone far enough Wanted to “purify the Anglican Church of Catholic Ritual.” Did not favor a split of the Anglican Church Separatists believed their differences were irreconcilable and left England for the Massachusetts Bay Colony

I. House of Tudor to House of Stuart - Queen Elizabeth I Dies without an heir, 1603 - James Stuart VI of Scotland succeeds to King James I of England beginning the Stuart Dynasty

A. King James I: Stuart Dynasty (1603-1625) A devout Catholic Created the King James Bible Called Queen James behind his back Refused to help Protestants during the 30 years war in Europe Refused to remove Catholic ritual from Anglican Church Believed in the Divine Right of Kings

What is Divine Right of Kings? Read the Document individually, then answer the first summary question Remember to use Reading Techniques and strategies Next, Get into a pair and answer the subsequent questions

B. Charles I (1625-1649) Catholic Son of James I Believed in the Divine Right of Kings Quarreled with Parliament constantly Imprisoned people who refused to loan him money Signed the Petition of Right in order to get money from Parliament

a. The Petition of Right Charles needed money, Parliament refused to act unless Charles I signed this document The King could not imprison a person without consent or house soldiers in a person’s home without consent Charles could not collect taxes without Parliament’s approval Charles dismissed Parliament after signing it

6. Charles VS Parliament Charles persecution of Puritans and abuse of the judicial system led to a deteriorating relationship with Parliament. Charles needed more money to invade Scotland, Parliament refused Charles imprisoned members of Parliament who refused to vote for tax increases, violating the Petition of Right 1642, Parliament begins raising an army as the king has violated the petition of right

Brief Review Why did parliament and James I clash? Why did parliament and Charles I clash? What is the Divine Right of Monarchy? What is the Petition of Right? Why did Parliament take up arms against the King? Were they justified?

II. The English Commonwealth Reading – The English Commonwealth

III. Stuart Restoration (1660) Following Cromwell’s death, many longed for a return to monarchy

B. Charles II (1660-1685) Parliament invited Charles II, Son of Charles I, to come back to England He accepted the invitation on the condition that the regicides be put to death He accepted the Magna Carta, Petition of Right and religious toleration Kept his religious views to himself

C. James II (1685-1688) Brother of Charles II advocated tolerance for Catholics. placed Catholics in important positions Parliament tolerated him since he was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were Protestant

IV. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 In 1688 James II had a new son who was to be raised Catholic 1. Parliament did not want a Catholic Monarchy B. Parliament invited Mary, daughter of James, and her Dutch Protestant Husband William of Orange to assume the Throne. James II fled to France. W & M’S reign marked the supremacy of Parliament because now monarchs ruled with the consent of Parliament and not Divinity. William and Mary signed the English Bill of rights