2. Warm Up…  Who were the two ruling families of England during Absolutism? Which family worked with Parliament, and which did not?  Explain how Parliament was “asked” at first, and then took a strong political stance in the history of England.

3. Tudor Dynasty  1485 - 1603  Believed in divine right, kept good relations in parliament  Parliament - the highest legislature, consisting of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons  Henry VIII - used parliament against RCC

4. Tudor Dynasty  Henry VIII invested money in overseas warfare  Henry “asked” Parliament to pass new taxes… usually agreed with king  Parliament now has say in gov’t matters  Eliz. I continued good relations

5. Comprehension Question 1.How long were the Tudors in power? 2.What are the two houses of Parliament? 3. How did Henry “ask” parliament to pass new taxes?

6. Stuart Dynasty  Eliz I dies 1603 without direct heir  Stuarts were ruling family of Scotland, take over throne  “Century of Revolution”  Henry/Eliz pushed back problems when in power  Stuarts did not work well with Parliament

7. Stuart Dynasty  James I - believed in divine right & argued with Parliament over money & foreign policy  Dissolved parliament to collect his own taxes  “Puritans” wanted to purify the church  Caused more problems for James  Led James to translate Bible - King James version

8. Stuart Dynasty  1625 - Charles I inherits throne  Unjust & unfair  Reorganized parliament to raise taxes  Charles sign “Petition of Right”  Any new taxes had to have consent of parliament

9. Stuart Dynasty  Charles broke apart parliament in 1629, made bitter enemies, reorganized it in 1640  Long Parliament - lasted until 1653  Parliament and King fought against each other  English Civil war erupts

10. England Under Charles I

11. Comprehension Questions 1.After Eliz I, why was there not another Tudor? 2.Who came after Eliz I? 3.What did James I do to parliament? Why did he do this? 4.What did the Puritans want? 5.Who ruled after James I? 6.What was the “Petition of Right?”

12. English Civil War  1642 - 1649  Revolution opposed absolutism  Cavaliers vs Roundheads  Cavaliers (wealthy nobles) supported king  Roundheads (hair cut close to heads) surprised Cavaliers in battle

13. English Civil War  Oliver Cromwell - leader of Roundheads  “New Model Army” defeated Cavaliers  1647 - election of king was in parliamentary power

14. English Civil War

15. Execution of a king  Trial - “tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy”  Charles I - “I am a martyr of the people”  Gave signal to end his life  First time a king was found guilty by his own people  No one person was above the law

16. The Commonwealth  England now becomes a republic  Charles II tried to retake England through Ireland and Scotland  Cromwell crushed uprising  Class struggle - “Levellers” wanted support for poor in parliament  Puritans held stronghold in gov’t.

17. Comprehension Questions 1.When did the English Civil War take place? 2.What started the Civil War? 3.Who were the two sides during the war? 4.Who was the leader of the Roundheads? 5.What did Charles I call himself before he died? 6.What did England become after their Civil War?

18. The Commonwealth  Cromwell dies in 1658  Puritans lose control of parliament, people tired of strict military rule  Charles II comes back from exile and wants revenge  Charles II was a fresh breath of air  Reopened theatres, religious toleration, etc.

19. Revolution  James II (Charles’ brother) inherits throne in 1685  Not tolerant of religion  Parliament - daughter Mary (Protestant) & husband William III of Orange leads to Glorious Revolution  James II fled France - bloodless revolution

20. English Bill of Rights  1689  For support of army, William & Mary had to agree  Parliament > Monarch  House of Commons - “Power of Purse”  Monarch could not interfere with parliament matters  Trial by jury, abolished excessive fines & cruel, unjust punishments  Habeas Corpus - no person could be held without being charged  Limited monarchy created - diff from democracy  Constitution or legislative body has some control

21. Comprehension Questions 1.What happened to Charles II after the Civil War? 2.Once Cromwell passes, and Puritans lose control, what does Charles II do? 3.Who takes the throne after Charles II? 4.How did William and Mary take control of England? 5.What were the English Bill of Rights? 6.Who has more power in the Bill of Rights, the monarch, or parliament? 7.What is a limited monarchy? 8.What is habeas corpus?