1. (The English Revolution)
THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

2. IMPORTANT LEADERS Charles I – King of England
Believed in the divine right of kings
Did not want to work with Parliament
Oliver Cromwell – Leader of the Puritans
Military genius that led the New Model Army
Believed he was doing battle for God

3. CAUSES OF THE WAR
Political – The king did not want to work with Parliament, because he believed in the divine right of kings. Parliament passed a petition without the king’s approval
Economic – The king wanted to raise taxes without Parliament’s consent
Social – Religious conflict between the King and the Puritans over increased ritual in the Church of England

4. POLITICAL GROUPS Cavaliers – supporters of the king
Also known as Royalists
Wanted a strong monarchy
Roundheads – parliamentary forces
Wanted a strong Parliament
Wanted a more protestant form of religion

5. IMPORTANT EVENTS Rump Parliament 1649 Commonwealth Dictatorship
Parliament that was left after Cromwell purged it (got rid) of any members that did not support him
1649
January 30, Cromwell and the Rump Parliament had Charles I executed
Commonwealth
The Republican form of government that was put in place by Cromwell after the monarchy was abolished
Dictatorship
Cromwell abolished Parliament and set up a military dictatorship. He ruled until his death in 1658.

6. HOW MUCH DID THE COUNTRY TRULY CHANGE AFTER THE REVOLUTION?
Not much. England basically traded a monarch for a military dictator.
The only thing that really changed under Cromwell was the church, since the Church of England under Cromwell gained more Puritan influence.

7. AFTER THE REVOLUTION
The Restoration: After Cromwell’s death, Parliament reconvened and restored the monarchy. They invited Charles II (son of Charles I) to return to England if he would agree that Parliament could keep much of its power
The Glorious Revolution: After James II (Charles II’s brother) came to the throne, Parliament was concerned about his being a Catholic and having Catholic heirs. A group of nobles invited the Dutch leader, William of Orange, and his wife, Mary (daughter of James II) to rule England jointly. When they arrived in England with their army, James II fled to France and William and Mary took over with almost no bloodshed.

8. THE ENLISH BILL OF RIGHTS
Signed in 1689 by William and Mary
It set forth Parliament’s right to make laws and levy taxes, and consent to raising standing armies
The rights of citizens were protected
It laid the foundation for a limited, or constitutional, monarchy