COLD WAR

A state (condition) of tension and hostility among nations without armed conflict. Post World War II—The Big Three United Kingdom United States Soviet Union How did these countries differ from each other?

COLD WAR West and East Berlin Memorial-caen.fr

COLD WAR West and East Berlin Krohm.com

COLD WAR All of the countries east of Germany are Under the control and influence of the Soviet Union. That means Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Romania. WHY?

COLD WAR—Personality Profile Joseph Stalin-- “Whoever occupies a territory also imposes his own social system. Everyone imposes his own system as far as his armies can reach. It can not be otherwise.”

COLD WAR So what was the reason for Stalin’s position in the previous screen? As the soviet army pushed the Germans out of eastern Europe after World War II the Soviet forces are left behind.

COLD WAR Iron Curtain—The dividing line between democratic and communist countries in Europe.

Cold War—Personality Profile Winston Churchill— Prime Minister of the UK, giving his Iron Curtain Speech at Westminster College in Fulton, MO. on March 5, “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent.” Why was this speech so important?

I R O N C U R T A I N

COLD WAR Truman Doctrine--March 12, 1947—The United States would resist Soviet aggression in Europe and the rest of the world.

COLD WAR—Personality Profile Harry S. Truman— “I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” Addressing a joint session of Congress on March 12, 1947.

COLD WAR The Truman Doctrine was also known as C O N TAINM E N T P O L I C Y COMMUNISM Limiting communism to the areas already under Soviet control

Cold War Truman Doctrine 8Pcxg

COLD WAR Truman Doctrine --The United States was going to send aid to Greece and Turkey. --Communist rebels were backed by Stalin. --By 1947, Britain was unable to support democratic forces in both countries. --Truman asked for $400 million in economic and military aid.

COLD WAR The Marshall Plan The United States offers to rebuild Europe’s economic infrastructure.

COLD WAR—Personality Profile General George Marshall— Army Chief of Staff , Secretary of State “The truth of the matter is that Europe’s requirements for the next four years of foreign food and other essential products- principally from America-are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial help or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character.” Harvard University June 5, 1947, Commencement Address 1943

COLD WAR Marshall Plan --The United States spent $13 billion --16 nations accept the U.S. aid program --The US also offered assistance to the USSR. However, they declined, WHY?

MARSHALL PLAN

COLD WAR Marshall Plan

COLD WAR Berlin Blockade and Berlin Airlift London Conference—February to June 1948 occupying powers of Germany realized that cooperation with Soviets was difficult.

COLD WAR BERLIN BLOCKADE As a result of the London Conference, the London Program was established (March 6, 1948). Its main goal was to establish a West German government. But how was this going to take place?

COLD WAR The combination of the three western zones of Germany (British, French and US Zones). A reform of the currency, new currency $ WEST GERMANY + =

COLD WAR The West German new currency was officially introduced on June 23, What do you think the Soviet response was to the new currency on June 24, 1948?

COLD WAR BERLIN BLOCKADE

COLD WAR Berlin Airlift Candy Bomber

COLD WAR BERLIN AIRLIFT

COLD WAR Berlin Airlift --Organized by American and British forces to transport food, fuel, and supplies. --Lasts for 324 days and 13,000 tons of supplies are dropped on West Berlin. --Operation Vittles-US --Operation Plain Fare-British

COLD WAR Berlin Airlift Instruct.Westvalley.edu

COLD WAR Soviet Response --Continue the blockade or admit defeat ?

COLD WAR June 24, 1948—Berlin Blockade. June 25, 1948—Berlin Airlift Begins May 12, 1949—Berlin Blockade Ends May 24, 1949—Federal Republic of W.Germany Sept. 30, 1949—Berlin Airlift ends Oct. 7, 1949 German Democratic Republic East Germany