Industrialization and Nationalism

 Main Ideas:  Coal and steam replaced wind and water as new sources of energy and power.  Cities grew as people moved from the country to work in factories.  Important Terms:  Capital  Entrepreneur  Cottage industry  Puddling  Industrial capitalism  Socialism

 The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1780s for several reasons.  Improved farming methods increased food supply, which drove food prices down and gave families more money for manufactured goods.  Britain had a ready supply of capital (money to invest)  Surged ahead in the production of the cotton goods, cottage industry.  Series of inventions

 Edmund Cartwright  Flying shuttle, spinning jenny, and the water-powered loom (1787)  These made both weaving and spinning faster, could create machines and bring workers into factories. (no more cottage industry)  James Watt  Improved the steam engine (1782) so it could drive machinery.  Mills no longer had to be located near water, ran on coal.  Lead to the coal industry expanding  Henry Cort  Puddling  Produced a better quality iron…leading to the British iron industry to boom.

 Railroads were crucial to the Industrial Revolution.  The Rocket was the first public railway line, which opened in  Factories were another important aspect, b/c it created a new labor system.

 Britain became the world’s greatest industrial nation. It produced ½ of the world’s cotton goods and coal.  Belgium, France, and Germany were the first to industrialize, principally b/c their governments built infrastructure such as canals and railroads.  United States was also hit by the Industrial Revolution. In 1800, 6 out of every 7 American workers were farmers. By 1860, the number was only 1 out of every 2.  Robert Fulton created the first paddle-wheel steamboat, the Clermont, to help transport goods in the U.S. Railroads would also turn the U.S. into a massive market.

 What were the social and environmental effects of the Industrial Revolution? (Read textbook and w/s)

 Main Ideas:  The great powers worked to maintain a conservative order throughout Europe.  The forces of liberalism and nationalism continued to grow and led to the revolutions of  Important Terms:  Conservatism  Principle of intervention  Liberalism  universal male suffrage

 After the defeat of Napoleon, European rulers moved to restore the old order. This was the goal of the great powers.  Who where the great powers?  What was the result of the Congress of Vienna? Royal families would be restored in order to keep peace and stability in Europe. Rearrangement of territories. Refer to map on page 590

 Nationalism started after the French Revolution!

 Conservatism- based on tradition and social stability.  Klemens Von Metternich- strongly pushed for conservatism in Europe.  Liberalism- a political philosophy based largely on Enlightenment principles, held that people should be as free as possible from government restraint.  Nationalism- arose out of people’s awareness of being part of a community with common traditions, institutions, language, and customs.  Nationalism was a threat to the existing political order.  Conservatives feared this, why?

 Revolutionary Outburst (read pages )  Another French Revolution  Trouble in German and Italian states  Revolts in Central Europe

 Main Ideas:  The rise of nationalism contributed to the unification of Italy and Germany.  While nationalism had great appeal, not all peoples achieved the goal of establishing their own national states.  Important Terms:  Militarism  Kaiser  Plebiscite  Emancipation  Abolitionism  secede

 Effects of Nationalism:  Go through 19.2/19.3 to determine if nationalism unified or brought disunity to the region.  Explain how  Answer the Challenge questions  Nationalism: Two Views  Read the two expressions dealing with nationalism  Answer questions 1-4; do not do the extra challenge.

 Pick one of the topics below to create a poster, a mobile, or a brochure. Topics:  The effects/consequences of the Industrial Revolution. (i.e. socialism, child labor, urbanization, new social classes, pollution, etc.)  How did nationalism affect Europe? Pick one country and focus on nationalism within the country during this time period (ch.19-20).

 Main Ideas:  At the end of the 18 th century, romanticism emerged as a reaction to the ideas of the Enlightenment.  The Industrial Revolution created a new interest in science and helped produce the realist movement.  Key Terms:  Romanticism  Secularization  Organic evolution  Natural selection  Realism Watch video with questions.