1. Industrialization- Nationalism- Ch 19 Modern World History

2. Industrial Revolution The first Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 18th century. An industrial revolution is when hand tools are replaced by factory machines, and farming is replaced by large-scale manufacturing. An example is the making of clothes.

3. What Caused This Shift? *Better agricultural practices ( more farmland, good weather, improved transportation) =more food=people spend $$ on products *More food=more people=more labor force *more $$ to invest *plentiful natural resources & transportation *large markets to sell products to (England is a VAST colonial empire)

4. Spinning Jenny and Power Loom Before the Industrial Revolution, clothes were made at home (women/children) called “Cottage Industry”. Inventions allowed clothes to be made by machines in factories..

5. Inventions Steam Engine Flying Shuttle

6. TEXTILE MILLS The factory system had many workers under one roof working at machines. Many people left farms and moved to the city to work in factories. They wanted the money that factories paid. 1787-22million pounds of cotton imported 1840-366 million pounds imported ( most from U.S.) ???What impact is this having in U.S.???

7. SLAVERY

8. Coal & Iron STEAM ENGINE crucial—depended on coal…iron industry booms to build new forms of transportation “puddling”-burning away impurities creates high quality iron- Henry Cort creates this process Britain produces +3 million tons of iron

9. Railroads Efficient, faster/cheaper transportation New jobs Lower-priced goods=more markets $$ to invest Sulfuric (SMOG) clouds pollute cities Wealthy leave urban areas for the country-cleaner air=healthier living

10. FACTORIES Created new labor system Shift work so machines NEVER stopped Repetitious work- faster but BORING Beaten or fired if late and/or drunk Children often beaten Easily replaced, no protection laws for workers Better than starving

11. Industrialization Spreads France, Belgium & the German States industrialize United States- Mississippi River & Steam Boats business and industry SURGES In 1800 6 out of 7 (86%) Americans were farmers; 1860 only 50% were 1800=NO cities over 100,000 people; 1860=9 cities were over

12. Steamboat-1807 Robert Fulton designed a steam engine for a steamboat that could move against the current or wind. Created more opportunities for trade and transportation on rivers.

13. Effects Growth of cities/population: 1750-140 million 1850-266 million Pitiful, unhealthy, inequality, overworked underpaid

14. New Social Classes Industrial WORKING class Factory Workers 12-16 hr days/6x a week Deformed bodies, bad lungs, decreased birth rates No employment security No minimum wage No health codes Dangerous/Death Industrial MIDDLE Class Factory Owners!!! BIG profits!!!

15. REFORM=Socialism Socialism-a system in which society, usually the government, owns and controls means of production (factories & utilities) Equality of people, competition replaced with cooperation…why does this NOT work? Takes away people’s incentive to work What happens when you ‘run out of other people’s money?’ “A gov’t capable of giving you everything you need is also capable of taking away everything you have!!!”

16. Section 2 Principle of Legitimacy: monarchs that were in power BEFORE Napoleon, would be restored to power. Europe divided to prevent any one country from being too powerful After defeat of Napoleon, Great Powers worked to maintain order throughout Europe Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, & Russia meet in Vienna (Congress of Vienna)

17. Reaction & Revolution Conservatism Tradition/social stability. Obedience to political authority-organized religion “principle of legitimacy”- right to send armies into countries where revolutions were preventing monarchs from reclaiming thrones Supported by ruling nobles and wealthy elites Liberalism Enlightenment principles People should be as free from gov’t restraint as possible—protection of civil liberties