1. Industrialization and Nationalism 1800-1870

2. The Congress of Vienna  Meeting of countries throughout Europe Re-arranged borders in an effort to balance power evenly Attempted to contain revolutionaries by implementing more conservative policies Adopted a principle of intervention to stop revolutions

3. The Growth of Liberalism and Nationalism  Liberalism held that people should be as free as possible from government restraint Wished to protect civil liberties Religious toleration Separation of church and state Favored government ruled by a constitution  Nationalism arose as people began to identify themselves as part of a country Loyalty now went to nation instead of king The political order was threatened if nationalities unified into one nation

4. Revolutions of 1848 France Germany Central Europe Italy

5. Nationalism in Europe  Great Britain Strong feeling of national pride Sparked by extension of voting rights and industrialization  France  Austria Unique situation because many different ethnic groups lived in Austria  Russia

6. The Industrial Revolution  Began in the 1780s  Great Britain was the starting point because… Agricultural practices had changed and people now had enough food and extra money The population grew Lots of capital to invest in new businesses Plentiful natural resources (water) Large supply of markets

7. Changes in Industry  Moved from Cottage Industry to Factories  New inventions helped this move Spinning jenny water-powered loom Steam engine  Increased the need for a coal and iron industry

8. What Made Early Factories Successful? Open day and night Workers worked in shifts and were disciplined Railroads helped move supplies efficiently

9. The Spread of Industrialization  Europe Belgium, France Germany Government encouraged industrialization and built infrastructure to support it  North America Industrialization occurred because  Transportation system improved  Immigrants provided a larger labor force

10. Social Impact of Industrialization  Population of cities grew  An industrial middle class was born Those who built factories, bought machines, developed markets  An industrial working class was born Worked long hours No employment security or minimum wage Horrible conditions