World Geography Chapter 3 Population and Culture

Demography the study of populations- including such topics as birth, marriage, migration, and death

Culture The way of life of a group of people with common traditions, interests, and beliefs. A total way of life.

Birth Rate Number of births per year for every 1,000 people. Death Rate Number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people.

The difference between the birth and death rate is called Natural Birth Rate. Zero Population Growth Birth and Death Rates are the same.

Population Distribution Population Pattern- Show where the people are living. Very small percentage of the earth has people living on it.

Migration Movement of people and animals Immigration Moving into a country Emigration Moving out of a country

Population Density The average number of people in a square mile or square kilometer.

Urbanization The growth of cities Rural The country side- outside the urban and suburban areas

Industrial Revolution Started the urban movement People moved to cities to find work

Social Organization the family is the most important unit of social organization. Social Classes birth or wealth?

Language All cultures have language Same language= Same culture

Religion helps people answer basic questions about the meaning and purpose of life

Diffusion the spread of cultural traits from one culture to another Acculturation the process of adapting traits from other cultures

Cultural Diffusion The spread of people, ideas, and goods from one culture to another Trade and travel encouraged WAR

Internet and Television

Cultural Hearths The places where civilizations began Egypt- Nile River Valley Iraq- Mesopotamia Pakistan- Indus River Valley China- Huang He River Valley

Mayan Civilization Southern Mexico, Guatemala, & Belize Inca Civilization Peru, Colombia, & Bolivia

Cultural Regions Areas of the earth where certain cultures dominate (this book is divided in 10)

1. Clearly defined territory 2. Population 3. Sovereignty Four specific characteristics that define a country 1. Clearly defined territory 2. Population 3. Sovereignty 4. Government

Territory Land and water within a countries boundaries and all of its natural resources

Population Citizens of a country are afforded protection by the government Citizens of a country must serve their government

Sovereignty a country that can rule itself by establishing its own policies and determining its own course of action

Government Political System the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies and provides for its common needs

Unitary One central government runs the nation Great Britain, Japan, and France ( Parliamentary government)

Federal System the power is shared between the national and state governments

Confederation smaller political units keep their sovereignty and give the central government only very limited powers. Commonwealth of Independent States

Authoritarian government the government is more important than individual freedom The leaders hold all, or nearly all, political power

Dictatorship government in which one leader has full power over a country

Totalitarianism the government tries to control every part of society Nazi Germany- Hitler Soviet Union- Stalin

Monarchy Kings, queens, pharaohs, shahs, sultans- inherit their positions by being born into the ruling family

Democracy a form of government in which the people of a country vote for their leaders the people have the power to set government policy

Free Enterprise private businesses operate with little interference from government Capitalism economic system based on free enterprise

Communism requires the state to make all the economic decisions the state owns and operates all the major farms, factories, utilities, and stores

Socialism the state should own and run basic industries such as transportation, communications, banking, coal mining, and the steel industry This is done for the good of the society as a whole.