SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED ILLNESSES 2012/2013 CHAPTER 22

Sexually Transmitted Illnesses An epidemic: Many people are infected at a given time and place 19 million new cases are reported each year 3 million – under 20

Reasons for STI Epidemic 1.Many people begin to have sex at a young age and tend to have multiple partners 2.Many people who are active do not take precautions against infections.

Reasons (cont) 3. Some people who become infected do not seek immediate medical treatment or do not recognize the symptoms.

Avoiding STI’s 1. Abstinence - means not having any type of sexual intercourse until you are ready to commit yourself to a long term, caring relationship – marriage.

Avoiding (cont) 2. Avoid Drug Abuse using illegal drugs is a risk factor. Drugs impairs the ability to think clearly Blood to blood contact

Avoiding (cont) 3. Sexual Fidelity - is practiced when both partners in a caring, committed relationship agree to have sex only with each other. Choose partners wisely

4. Precautions reduces the risk of STI’s but does not eliminate the risk. People who participate in high risk behaviors should get medical checkups every 6 months. Avoiding (cont)

CHLAMYDIA - bacterial infection WOMEN : 80% of show no symptoms, Symptoms occur 1 to 3 weeks after infection yellowish discharge, pain or burning sensation during urination

Chlamydia (cont.) Pelvic Inflammatory Disorder (PID) serious infection of the reproductive organs abnormal vaginal bleeding, fever, pain Results in infertility Can be cured with antibiotics except penicillin

Chlamydia (cont) 1 in 10 sexually active adolescent girls get it Pregnant women pass the infection to child: lungs, eyes

Chlamydia (cont.) MEN: 25% show no symptoms Symptoms: 1 to 3 weeks after infection symptoms are painful & frequent urination watery or white discharge from penis

Chlamydia (cont.) Untreated: acute epididymitis - inflammation of the sperm duct Nongonococcal Urethritis – NGU inflammation of the Urethra

Chlamydia (cont.) Both women and men can be Cured with antibiotics, except penicillin

SYPHILIS - bacterial infection 1 st phase: Primary 1 to 12 weeks after infection Painless sore on the genitals – chancre Will disappear 4 to 10 weeks, leaves scar Can be cured with antibiotics Usually one shot dose

Syphilis (cont) 2 nd phase: Secondary Last 2 to 6 weeks A rash, non-itchy on the body Flu like symptoms, fever, headache, throat infection Symptoms will disappear Can be cured

Syphilis (cont.) 3 rd phase: tertiary Occurs month or years later Symptoms disappear, bacteria attacks internal parts Can be treated in this stage, damage permanent 4 th phase: latent Can affect brain, heart, nervous system Can result in permanent damage for organs and death

GONORRHEA - bacterial infection MEN : all show symptoms Symptoms appear within 2 to 7 days after infection Symptoms are inflammation of the urethra (NGU) Watery discharge, painful burning sensation during urination

Gonorrhea (cont.) WOMEN: 85% of show no symptoms symptoms: urgent need to urinate, painful doctor’s exam is essential untreated: PID, infertility Can be cured

CHANCROID- bacterial infection Symptoms: deep chancre sore on the genitals that may have a gray coating. Sore is very infectious can be treated with antibiotics

BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS Overgrowth of certain harmful bacteria in the vagina Symptoms: white/gray discharge – Strong odor – Burning sensation – Itching around the outside of the vagina – PID

Bacterial vaginosis (cont.) Caused by an imbalance of ph levels in the vagina Having new sex partner or multiple sex partners Can be sexually transmitted Treatment: antibiotics, not penicillin

CANDIDIASIS - fungus infection (Candida) Also known as Vaginal Yeast Infection occurs as a result of changes in the ph levels of the vagina and the destruction of natural bacteria in the area

Candidiasis (cont) WOMEN: symptoms white, clumpy discharge with excessive itching vaginal irritation, some bleeding Abnormal odor can be cured with medication

Candidiasis (cont) MEN: symptoms may have no symptoms Some may have itchy rash on the penis or around foreskin

TRICHOMONIASIS – protozoan infection Can be an infection in the genitals and urinary tract MEN: symptoms itching, clear discharge, painful urination inflammation of the urethra WOMEN: symptoms itching & burning in the vagina smelly, greenish- yellowish discharge Vaginitis - vaginal inflammation can be cured

PUBIC LICE & SCABIES Infestation of tiny insects, parasites Infest the pubic hair and other body hair through direct contact or contaminated clothing Symptoms: itching, sometimes a rash

Pubic lice (cont) Can be killed with medicated shampoos or ointments Need to wash clothing in hot water, dried in a hot dryer & ironed to kill remaining eggs

HEPATITIS B and C- viral infection Causes the liver to become inflamed. Symptoms: 2 to 6 months after infection Early symptoms: fever, fatigue & loss of appetite

Hepatitis B & C (cont) Develop Jaundice - yellow eyes and skin Develop Cirrhosis - scar tissue replaces normal liver tissue Liver Cancer Found in blood, saliva, and semen

Hepatitis B & C (cont) This virus can survive on objects for long periods of time Sharing razors, eating utensils, toothbrush is not recommended 10% of infected people may become long-term carriers.

HERPES II - viral infection 1 in 5 sexually active person Primary episode: symptoms appear 2 to 10 days after infection Itching, burning or tenderness on the genitals

Herpes II - symptoms (cont) Outbreak of painful blisters around the genitals, sometimes the mouth. Blisters rupture leaving painful sores that are covered with pus- like fluid Heal within 2 to 3 weeks

Herpes II (cont) The virus will remain in the nerve roots, causing outbreaks from time to time Symptoms are less painful and less severe as time passes Most contagious with lesions/blisters

Herpes II – cont. n Condoms can not always prevent of spread of herpes - blisters can be on other parts of the body that is not covered by it. n Can be treated -- IT IS NOT CURABLE

GENITAL WARTS – viral infection HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) 20 million Americans (15 to 49 years old), 15% of the population are infected Over 100 different types of HPV Symptoms will appear 3 to 6 months after exposure. Warts will appear in the genitals is spread by direct skin to skin contact, some warts are difficult to see in the vagina rarely causes pain

Genital warts Need physical exam to detect warts, may need a Biopsy - removal of small piece of tissue linked to cervical cancer. Symptoms can be treated Some HPV can resolve without treatment.

HPV - continue New vaccine - Gardviasis Helps prevents cervical cancer in 4 different HPV infections HPV 16 and 18 – responsible for 70% of cervical cancer HPV 6 and 11 – responsible for 90% of genital warts.