7.2 Nationalism at Center Stage

5 mph 133 feet long 18 feet wide

- Life on the Mississippi STEAMBOAT PILOT When I was a boy, there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of the Mississippi River. That was, to be a steamboatman. We had transient ambitions of other sorts, but they were only transient. When a circus came and went, it left us all burning to become clowns; the first negro minstrel show that came to our section left us all suffering to try that kind of life; now and then we had a hope that if we lived and were good, God would permit us to be pirates. These ambitions faded out, each in its turn; but the ambition to be a steamboatman always remained. - Life on the Mississippi

Influence of Nationalism on the Nation’s Courts Fulton and Livingston given charter from NY legislature river boat trade. They had exclusive rights to operate steamboats on NY’s river. - Monopoly • They granted license to others • Ogden got NY to NJ • Gibbons came along doing the same • Ogden sues Gibbons saying Gibbons is illegal • Gibbons vs. Ogden: o Supreme Court declares Ogden wrong – only federal gov’t regulate interstate trade (cell phones) o Again national over state also favors competition over monopoly

Influence of Nationalism on the Nation’s Courts McCulloch vs. Md • Md tried to run National Bank of US out of business by taxing it • J. Marshall and SC says states can’t tax only federal can (power to tax is power to destroy) even within their own state If Marshall allowed this then states would be overturning laws passed by Congress • BUS is constitutional

Influence of Nationalism on the Nation’s Courts Fletcher v Peck Georgia law violated individuals’ rights to enter a contract Earlier Georgia state congress had granted an sweetheart of a real estate contract to “friends” regarding western lands. Those Congressmen took bribes in exchange for those frontier lands. This “Yazoo grant” infuriated voters (propertied white males) in Ga. Election and most of those particular state Congressmen not re-elected New state Congress men promptly took back that Yazoo land grant. Those real estate friends who had gotten land under the original Yazoo grant sued the state of Ga. Said you can’t take back our contract rights. A contract is a contract. J. Marshall said a contract was a contract and that included state contracts. The next legislature couldn’t take that contract away. States beholden to the Constitution and its laws too!

Influence of Nationalism on the Nation’s Courts Dartmouth College v. Woodward State of NH cannot revise the original charter of the college given in colonial times by the state itself. Charter is a contract and Consitution does not allow states to interfer with contracts. So consider: How did the SC’s rulings strenghthen the federal gov’ts control over the economy? How did the SC limit the power of the states? In what ways did the SC boost Federal power? How

Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy Nationalism - the belief that national concerns should be placed ahead of regional concersn or the interests of other countries Under Monroe the Secretary of State John Quincy Adams secures: 1. establishes security of the nation 2. expands the nation’s territory

Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy Nationalism - the belief that national concerns should be placed ahead of regional concerns or the interests of other countries 1.Rush Bagot Treaty 1817- reduces military ships of Grt Britain on the Grt Lakes eventually border b/w 2 countries is demilitarized

Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy Nationalism - the belief that national concerns should be placed ahead of regional concerns or the interests of other countries 2.Convention of 1818 - fixed the northern border of the US at 49th parallel later reaches compromose w/GB - joint occupation of Oregon for 10 years 49th parallel

Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy Nationalism - the belief that national concerns should be placed ahead of regional concerns or the interests of other countries 3.Adams- Onis Treaty 1819 - Spain, too weak to protect New World interests, ceded Florida to US also gives up any claim to Oregon

Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy 4. Monroe Doctrine Sp and Portugal defeat Napoleaon in 1815. Tried to regain LA territories. Russia - in Alaska 1784- begins to establish trading posts in California territories US must do something! Russian incursion poses threat to US profitable trade with China! Many Americans want Cuba and northern Mexico What will James Monroe do?

Monroe Doctrine warns all outside powers not to interfere w/ affairs in the Western Hemisphere do not try to estb colonies here do not try to overthrow newly created independent republics in this hemisphere if you try to do this we will consider it “dangerous to our peace and safety” We promise to stay out of European affairs and they must promise not to interfere with existing status quo in Western Hemisphere a.k.a. we will stay out of your backyard if you stay out of ours

Nationalism Pushes America West Settlers busy moving into NW Territory: Ohio - Indiana - Illinois - Wisconsin _ Michigan

Nationalism Pushes America West Why go west? 1. escape debts 2. escape the law 3. searching for economic gain (land is cheap!) 4. social gains; easy to change status/occupations

Nationalism Pushes America West What is the legislation on becoming a state? NW Ordinance of 1787

Nationalism Pushes America West 1819 Missiouri reaches pop. of 60,000 and applies for statehood TROUBLE! up until then had 10 free and 10 slave states NOW WHAT? Illinois admitted as free state Alabama is admitted as slave state NOW WHAT!

Nationalism Pushes America West 1820 Missiouri’s status is critical to the balance of power b/t free and slave states (in Congress)... there is talk of civil war (clue: real civil war begins 1860) Henry Clay to the rescue with a compromise

Nationalism Pushes America West Maine admitted free/ Missouri admitted slave the rest of the Louisiana Territory was split into 2 spheres of interest (slave and free) dividing line 36 - 30. north of this is free south of this is slave