1. Nationalism and Sectionalism
11.3

2. Nationalism Unites the Country
President Madison presents plan, make U.S. economically self-sufficient
Henry Clay promotes plan as the American System:
establish a protective tariff
establish a national bank
improve U.S. transportation systems

3. Roads and Canals Link Cities
U.S. builds National Road from Maryland to Illinois
Canals improve water transportation, Erie Canal is completed (1825)
Creates water route between New York City and Buffalo, New York
Opens Ohio Valley, Great Lakes region to settlers, stimulates trade
Increases nationalism by uniting 2 sections of the country
U.S. uses steam-powered trains (1830s), improves transportation

4. The Era of Good Feelings
Democratic-Republican James Monroe wins U.S. presidency (1816)
Political differences give way to Era of Good Feelings
Supreme Court decisions strengthen federal government, national unity
McCulloch v. Maryland, state cannot tax a national bank
Gibbons v. Ogden, only federal government controls interstate commerce

5. Sectional Tensions Increase
Sectionalism—loyalty to section of a country rather than to nation
South relies on cotton, slaves; northeast on manufacturing, trade
In the West, settlers want cheap land, good transportation
Interests in these sections often conflict

6. Sectional Tensions Increase
Missouri applies for statehood (1817), people in state want slavery
U.S. has 11 slave states, 11 free states
Adding Missouri as slave state would upset balance of power, Congress

7. Settling National Boundaries
Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817):
limits British, U.S. forces on Great Lakes
Convention of 1818 sets 49th parallel as U.S.-Canadian border
Seminoles from East Florida raid Georgia to reclaim lands
General Andrew Jackson, troops enter Florida, capture Seminoles
Jackson claims Florida for U.S., Monroe tells Jackson to withdraw
Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819: Spain hands Florida to U.S.

8. The Missouri Compromise
Nation argues over admitting Missouri as slave state or free state
Henry Clay suggests the Missouri Compromise (1820):
admits Missouri as slave state
admits Maine as free state
bans slavery in Louisiana Territory north of parallel 36º 30’
keeps balance of power between slave states, free states

9. Missouri Compromise

10. The Monroe Doctrine
Some Latin American countries gain independence from Spain, Portugal
Some European monarchs plan to help Spain, Portugal regain colonies
U.S. fears their own government would be in danger
Russian colonies in Pacific Northwest almost reach San Francisco
President Monroe issues the Monroe Doctrine (1823):
closes Americas to further colonization
warns against European efforts to reestablish colonies
promises U.S. stay out of European affairs