The “Holy” World.

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Presentation transcript:

The “Holy” World

“Holy Roman Empire” Founding Like, Holy Empire man! Founding Duke of Saxony took over neighboring Germans Otto I, “the Great” becomes King of Germany Like Charlemagne, helped the Pope Crowned Emperor Holy because the Pope, Roman because they viewed themselves as successor to Rome

The Italian Dream Emperor Frederick “Red Beard” Barbarossa dreamed of conquering Italy Church and Northern Italian states resisted him The struggle would continue for centuries

Effects German nobles grew independent while Emperor was away HRE became a confederacy of states rather than Empire Neither Germany nor Italy would become unified states Effected modern sense of nationalism

The Church

Power of the Church Caretaker of souls Local priests present for all important life events Provided most social services, education, orphanages, et cetera Owned 1/3 of all land in Europe Made it most powerful economic and political force in Europe

Papal Supremacy Popes were appointed by HRE Monastery in France rejected this Cluny Reform Claimed Papal Supremacy Pope > Kings Outlawed Simony-selling of church offices

Tools of the Church Excommunication Interdict No communion No Christian Burial Straight to Hell Interdict Excommunication for entire communities No taxes = incredible wealth Huge tracks of land/armies

Power and Struggles 1076-Lay Investitures: Rulers giving clergy symbols of their power Pope Gregory VII outlawed, HRE Henry mad Gets excommunicated Apologizes Attacks Rome Treaty of Worms Church picks clergy Rulers give land It is a deal!

Power and Struggles (Cont) 1096 – Pope Urban calls for First Crusade 1170 - English Kill Archbishop over right to try Clergy, England backs down 1200 –Pope Innocent III Claimed supremacy over all Kings England gets interdict over Bishop nominee, backs down Puts France under interdict when the King ended his marriage Ordered crusade in France, killing thousands

Power and Struggles (Cont) 1305 - French fight over taxing the church, move papacy to France, two popes This marked a decline in Catholic power