1. 22.1 Notes: Popes and Rulers

2. 22.1 Notes
Key Ideas
In the 1000s and 1100s, both the popes and the German emperors claimed authority in Europe.
During the later Middle Ages, popes and monarchs competed for power.
In England and France,
strong monarchies emerged.

3. Otto’s New Empire Otto the Great Charlemagne’s empire collapsed
22.1 Notes
Otto’s New Empire
Otto the Great
Charlemagne’s empire collapsed
Otto made alliances w/ other Germanic nobles
962- Persuaded the pope to name him emperor
A different empire
Collection of states ruled by princes
Loyal to Otto/ not under his control
Holy Roman Empire
Christian orientation
Claimed power/ unity of ancient Rome

4. Pope vs. Emperor King Henry IV & Pope Gregory II
22.1 Notes
Pope vs. Emperor
King Henry IV & Pope Gregory II
struggled over who should have the right to appoint bishops.
Pope Gregory
issued rules asserting his authority over Church and state.
Henry
ignored Gregory’s rules
the pope excommunicated him.
To regain his subjects’ support, traveled to Italy to seek Gregory’s forgiveness.

5. Concordat of Worms Pope forgives Henry
22.1 Notes
Concordat of Worms
Pope forgives Henry
Henry marches army to Rome, forces Pope from the city
The Struggle continues
Finally reach an agreement
Concordat of Worms- church is only one to appoint bishops
Emperors give fiefs to bishops

6. Church and State King Henry II Church should obey King’s authority
Royal officials should NOT be excommunicated
Priests guilty of crimes should be punished in royal courts
Archbishop Thomas Becket
Church should be independent of the state
Church should have the power to excommunicate anyone
Priests should be punished by church court

7. the Murder of Becket
- King Henry appointed Thomas Becket in 1162 to Archbishop of Canterbury (Former allies)
- Thought his friend would support him
- Struggle leads to Becket excommunicating Henry
- Ch 22 My Story- words knights
thought meant to kill Becket
- Shrine set up for becket
- Canterbury becomes pilgrimage
For many in Christendom

8. Church Hierarchy (pg. 656) The Medieval Church Title Ruled over
22.1 Notes
Church Hierarchy
(pg. 656)
The Medieval Church
Title
Ruled over
Oversaw…
Pope
Archbishops
Bishops
Priests

9. The Monarchy’s Growing Power
22.1 Notes
The Monarchy’s Growing Power
Trade increased
King’s wealth/ power increased (taxes on trade)
Acquired new land
Philip II Augustus
became known as “King of France” (rather than “King of the Franks”)
named new officials
gained power over the church.