Agenda diēs Martis, a.d. vii Kal. Oct. A.D. MMXVIII HW Check: worksheet 8 Do Now: review worksheet Present Active Imperatives Review Worksheet 8 (Prepositions & Place Constructions) Perfect Tense of 1st/2nd Conjugative Verbs & Sum Dative of Indirect Object Pensum: Worksheet 9 Keep studying vocab. list #3 Latin MS8 Mr. Finnigan Boston Latin School

Forming & Translating the Imperative Mood expresses a direct command (i.e. “Do your homework!”) Forming: find the present stem (2nd PP, drop –re) add nothing to form the SG (= same as pres. stem) [used when commanding one person] add –te to form the PL [used when commanding more than one person] Translating: _______________!

Forming the Imperative Mood - Practice Practice forming the imperative mood of the following: pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātus: to fight habeō, habēre, habuī, habitus: to have SG PL 2nd

Prepositions

Prepositions Prepositions (P) are words placed before nouns or pronouns to show their relation to the sentence The noun or pronoun after the P is called the object of the preposition (OOP) P + OOP = Prepositional Phrase (PP) Other items (adjectives, nouns in other cases) can be contained within the PP

Prepositions OOPs can be in either the ACC. or the ABL. case different P take OOP in different cases; you must memorize which preps. take which case when you learn the dictionary entry of the prep. P + Accusative: express idea of motion toward, through, into, around P + Ablative: express one of three uses of the abl. – separation/origin location instrument/accompaniment

The House of Prepositions (Draw this into Notes)

Ablative of Place Where PLACE WHERE: the place where the verb is being or happening location on or location in is shown with this construction the preposition in + an abl. case noun In silvā est. Agricolae in īnsulā pugnant.

Ablative of Place from Which another use of the ablative case is place from which (PFW) P ā/ab, ē/ex, and dē are used to indicate the idea of PFW PFW = the point from which motion takes place Volō dē caelō. = I am flying down from the sky .

Accusative of Place to Which

Accusative of Place to Which (PTW) another use of the accusative case is place to which P ad, in, and sub are used to indicate the idea of PTW PTW = the goal/end toward which the action of the verb is directed Volō in caelum. = I am flying into the sky.

The Principal Parts of a Latin Verb

Principal Parts - Review most Latin verbs have 4 principal parts (some have 3) these are the 3 or 4 most essential forms of any verb tell you everything you need to identify, form, and translate any form of a Latin verb think of these as the ‘building blocks’ of Latin verbs

oppugnō oppugnāre 1st & 2nd Principal Parts 1st PP 2nd PP 1st SG Present Active Indicative “I _________” present active infinitive vowel next to –re tells you verb’s conjugation find present stem by dropping –re “to _________”

oppugnāvī oppugnātus 3rd & 4th Principal Parts 3rd PP 4th PP 1st SG Perfect Active Indicative “I have _________ed” find perfect stem by dropping –ī perfect passive participle (when ends in –us in dict. entry) “having been _______ed” [supine (when ends in –um in dict. entry)]

The Perfect Tense

Basics of the Perfect Tense Perfect tense is another of Latin’s past tenses different from impf. in that you can nail it down on a timeline (actions have a clear end point) Perfect tense expresses completed action in past time Can be translated 3 ways in English: has/have ___________ed (present perfect) ___________ed (simple past) did _____________ (emphatic past)

The Perfect Tense – Formation How to form? perfect stem + perfect active personal endings Finding the perfect stem: Go to the 3rd PP Take off the –ī E.G.: vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum: to call Perfect Stem = vocāv–

The Perfect Tense – Formation How to form? perfect stem + perfect active personal endings Add the perfect active personal endings: Perf. is the only tense that has its own set of personal endings These are diff. from the personal endings we know BUT, some of them still follow the same pattern SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd

The Perfect Tense – Formation How to form? perfect stem + perfect active personal endings Add the perfect active personal endings: Perf. is the only tense that has its own set of personal endings These are diff. from the personal endings we know BUT, some of them still follow the same pattern SG PL 1st –ī 2nd 3rd

The Perfect Tense – Formation How to form? perfect stem + perfect active personal endings Add the perfect active personal endings: Perf. is the only tense that has its own set of personal endings These are diff. from the personal endings we know BUT, some of them still follow the same pattern SG PL 1st –ī 2nd –isti 3rd

The Perfect Tense – Formation How to form? perfect stem + perfect active personal endings Add the perfect active personal endings: Perf. is the only tense that has its own set of personal endings These are diff. from the personal endings we know BUT, some of them still follow the same pattern SG PL 1st –ī 2nd –isti 3rd –it

The Perfect Tense – Formation How to form? perfect stem + perfect active personal endings Add the perfect active personal endings: Perf. is the only tense that has its own set of personal endings These are diff. from the personal endings we know BUT, some of them still follow the same pattern SG PL 1st –ī –imus 2nd –isti 3rd –it

The Perfect Tense – Formation How to form? perfect stem + perfect active personal endings Add the perfect active personal endings: Perf. is the only tense that has its own set of personal endings These are diff. from the personal endings we know BUT, some of them still follow the same pattern SG PL 1st –ī –imus 2nd –isti –istis 3rd –it

The Perfect Tense – Formation How to form? perfect stem + perfect active personal endings Add the perfect active personal endings: Perf. is the only tense that has its own set of personal endings These are diff. from the personal endings we know BUT, some of them still follow the same pattern SG PL 1st –ī –imus 2nd –isti –istis 3rd –it –ērunt

The Perfect Tense – Formation So… perfect stem + perfect active personal endings 3rd PP – -ī + SG PL 1st –ī –imus 2nd –isti –istis 3rd –it –ērunt

Morphology Practice 1st 2nd 3rd SG PL nāvigō, nāvigāre, nāvigāvī, nāvigātus: to Perf. Stem: ______________ SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd

Morphology Practice 1st 2nd 3rd SG PL nāvigō, nāvigāre, nāvigāvī, nāvigātus: to Perf. Stem: nāvigāv– SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd

Morphology Practice 1st 2nd 3rd SG PL nāvigāvī nāvigāvimus nāvigāvisti nāvigō, nāvigāre, nāvigāvī, nāvigātus: to Perf. Stem: nāvigāv– SG PL 1st nāvigāvī nāvigāvimus 2nd nāvigāvisti nāvigāvistis 3rd nāvigāvit nāvigāvērunt

Perfect Tense of Sum, Esse

Perfect of Sum, Esse SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd

Perfect of Sum, Esse fu SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st fu 2nd 3rd

Perfect of Sum, Esse fuī fu SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st fuī fu 2nd 3rd

Perfect of Sum, Esse fuī fu fuistī SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st fuī fu 2nd fuistī 3rd

Perfect of Sum, Esse fuī fu fuistī fuit SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st fuī fu 2nd fuistī 3rd fuit

Perfect of Sum, Esse fuī fuimus fuistī fu fuit SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st fuī fuimus 2nd fuistī fu 3rd fuit

Perfect of Sum, Esse fuī fuimus fuistī fuistis fuit fu SG PL 1st 2nd formed regularly sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st fuī fuimus 2nd fuistī fuistis 3rd fuit fu

Perfect of Sum, Esse fuī fuimus fuistī fuistis fuit fuērunt SG PL 1st formed regularly sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st fuī fuimus 2nd fuistī fuistis 3rd fuit fuērunt

Perfect of Sum, Esse fuī fuimus fuistī fuistis fuit fuērunt SG PL 1st formed regularly sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st fuī I was/I have been fuimus we were/we have been 2nd fuistī you were/you have been fuistis you (pl.) were/you (pl.) have been 3rd fuit he/she/it was/ he/she/it has been fuērunt they were/they have been

The Perfect Tense Song Sing to the tune of “The Addams Family” theme song For action that’s completed And not the kind repeated The way it must be treated Is with the perfect tense (repeat) ––– "–ī" "–isti" "–it" (snap, snap) That’s how you start (snap, snap) "–imus" for "we" "–istis" "–ērunt" For the plural part (snap, snap)

The Dative Case: Dative of Indirect Object

The Dative Case – Indirect Object the indirect object is shown through a noun in the dative case indirect object: the person or thing to or for whom/which something is said, given, shown, or done translate using to or for after verbs of giving, showing, saying, or telling, e.g.: to give: dō, dare, dedī, datus to show: monstrō, monstrāre, monstrāvī, monstrātus to say: dicō, dicere, dīxī, dictus to tell: nārrō, nārrāre, nārrāvī, nārrātus

Dative of Indirect Object In English, we usually omit the preposition to or for I will give good students good grades. I will give good grades to good students. I.O. usually comes before the D.O. in Latin can be translated before or after the D.O. e.g.: Fīliae meae fabūlam dē bellō nārrābō. I will tell my daughter a story about the war. I will tell a story about the war to my daughter.

Dative of Indirect Object N.B.: do not confuse the dative of I.O. with the accusative of PTW acc. of PTW requires a verb of motion dat. of I.O. comes after verbs of giving, showing, saying, or telling Dōnum puellae dabō. Aquam ad puellam portābō.

Dative of Indirect Object – Practice Identify the D.O. and I.O., then translate: Nauta puerō aquam dat. Equīs frūmentum dabāmus. Fīliō bonō dōna multa dabunt. Agricolae fēminae fabūlam nārrant.