1. Agenda diēs Martis, a.d. vii Kal. Oct. A.D. MMXVIII
HW Check: list 3 derivatives
Do Now: work on wksht. 7 sentences (Lat.  Engl. #2, 4, 6)
Review List 3 Derivatives
Enclitics –ne and –que
Ablative of Place Where
More Wksht. 7 Sentences
2nd Declension Masculine Nouns
Pensum:
Worksheet 8
Study 2nd Declension Noun Endings
Study Vocab. List #3 (quiz Monday)
Latin 1
Mr. Finnigan
Boston Latin School

2. Questions with –ne

3. Questions with –ne –ne is an enclitic (< Grk. ‘to lean on’)
enclitics must be attached to another word
Add enclitic –ne to the 1st word of a statement to make that statement a question
question must expect the answer ‘yes’ OR ‘no’
verb is usually moved to the beginning of the sentence and –ne is then usually attached to the verb, but not always
if an interrogative pronoun, adverb, or adjective introduces the question, –ne is NOT used
Galliane est prōvincia?
Suntne agricolae in Ītaliā?

4. The Conjunction –que

5. The Conjunction –que –que is also an enclitic
equivalent to the conjunction et
connects two syntactically equivalent words
agricola feminaque, agricolas feminasque
NOT agricola feminasque, or agricolas feminaque
Add enclitic –que to the 2nd word in a pair of syntactically equivalent words to join them together
–que must be translated BEFORE the word to which it is attached
–que can never end a sentence.
SECT. 01 (need to do –ne also) / Finish only this (-que) with SECT. 02

6. The Conjunction –que Gallia Germaniaque provinciae sunt in Europā.
Add enclitic –que to the 2nd word in a pair of syntactically equivalent words to join them together
–que must be translated BEFORE the word to which it is attached
–que can never end a sentence.
Gallia Germaniaque provinciae sunt in Europā.
A. There are Gaul, Germany and provinces in Europe.
B. Gaul and Germany are provinces in Europe.

7. Ablative of Place Where

8. Ablative of Place Where
One of the many uses of the ablative case is to express place where
Place Where = the place where the verb is being or happening
location on or location in is shown with this construction
the preposition in + an abl. case noun
In silvā est.
Agricolae in īnsulā pugnant.

9. 2nd Declension Nouns

10. 2nd Declension Nouns
nouns of the 2nd decl. have –ī in the gen. sg. form
2nd declension nouns are either masc. or neut. in gender
exception: names of trees are feminine
if the nom. sg. ends in –us or –er, the noun is typically masculine
vir, virī, m.: man – the only 2nd decl. masc. noun with a nom. sg. ending –ir
if the nom. sg. ends in –um, the noun is neuter

11. 2nd Declension Masc. Nouns
The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are:
Case SG PL
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

12. 2nd Declension Masc. Nouns
The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are:
Case SG PL
Nom.
us/r
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

13. 2nd Declension Masc. Nouns
The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are:
Case SG PL
Nom.
us/r
Gen. ī
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

14. 2nd Declension Masc. Nouns
The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are:
Case SG PL
Nom.
us/r
Gen. ī
Dat. ō
Acc.
Abl.

15. 2nd Declension Masc. Nouns
The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are:
Case SG PL
Nom.
us/r
Gen. ī
Dat. ō
Acc. um
Abl.

16. 2nd Declension Masc. Nouns
The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are:
Case SG PL
Nom.
us/r
Gen. ī
Dat. ō
Acc. um
Abl.

17. 2nd Declension Masc. Nouns
The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are:
Case SG PL
Nom.
us/r ī
Gen.
Dat. ō
Acc. um
Abl.

18. 2nd Declension Masc. Nouns
The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are:
Case SG PL
Nom.
us/r ī
Gen.
ōrum
Dat. ō
Acc. um
Abl.

19. 2nd Declension Masc. Nouns
The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are:
Case SG PL
Nom.
us/r ī
Gen.
ōrum
Dat. ō īs
Acc. um
Abl.

20. 2nd Declension Masc. Nouns
The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are:
Case SG PL
Nom.
us/r ī
Gen.
ōrum
Dat. ō īs
Acc. um ōs
Abl.

21. 2nd Declension Masc. Nouns
The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are:
Case SG PL
Nom.
us/r ī
Gen.
ōrum
Dat. ō īs
Acc. um ōs
Abl.

22. 2nd Declension Masc. Nouns
The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are:
Notice:
Dat. & Abl. are the same
Dat. & Abl. PL = Dat. & Abl. PL of 1st decl.
Case SG PL
Nom.
us/r ī
Gen.
ōrum
Dat. ō īs
Acc. um ōs
Abl.

23. 2nd Decl. –r Stems
Some 2nd decl. masc. nouns have a nom. sg. form ending in –r
Examples:
puer, puerī, m.: boy
liber, librī, m.: book
vir, virī, m.: man*
*this is the only one that has –ir

24. 2nd Decl. –r Stems puer puerī puerōrum puerō puerīs puerum puerōs
Some, like puer, KEEP THE E in the stem
Case SG PL
Nom.
puer
puerī
Gen.
puerōrum
Dat.
puerō
puerīs
Acc.
puerum
puerōs
Abl.

25. 2nd Decl. –r Stems liber librī libōrum librō librīs librum librōs
Others, like liber, DROP THE E from the stem
Case SG PL
Nom.
liber
librī
Gen.
libōrum
Dat.
librō
librīs
Acc.
librum
librōs
Abl.

26. 2nd Decl. –r Stems
How do you remember whether to KEEP or DROP the E in the stem?
Memorize the dictionary entry!
The GEN. SG. will tell you if it keeps the E or drops it
Use derivatives! Engl. derivs. almost always follow the Latin for keeping/dropping the E
puer, puerī, m.: boy – puerile (‘boyish’) | E stays
liber, librī, m.: book – library | E drops out
ager, agrī, m.: field – agriculture | E drops out