Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 20

Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 20
Vocabulary List 20 1st & 2nd Conj., Perf. System, Passive Voice: Perfect Passive Indicative Pluperfect Passive Indicative Future Perfect Passive Indicative Ablative of (Personal) Agent Predicate Accusative

Vocabulary List 20

dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitus
to owe; ought

doceō, docēre, docuī, doctus
to teach; show

prohibeō, prohibēre, prohibuī, prohibitus
to prevent, keep…from… (< prō- + habeō, habēre, habuī, habitus) [= hold out in front = hold off = prevent]

respondeō, respondēre, respondī, respōnsus
to reply, answer

retineō, retinēre, retinuī, retentus
to hold back (< re- + teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus)

terreō, terrēre, terruī, territus
to frighten

1st-2nd Conjugation Perfect System, Passive Voice

Perfect System Passive & the 4th PP
perfect system forms the passive voice using the 4th PP of a verb 4th PP = perfect passive participle participles = verbal adjectives, have qualities of verbs and adjectives verb qualities: tense & voice adjective qualities: gender, number, case must agree with subject in these three respects (case will be nom.) PPPs are declined like (-us, -a, -um) adjectives for 3rd person forms, if there is no nom. subject expressed, you determine the subject from the gender of the PPP (like substantives)

Perfect System Passive
to form the perfect tenses in the passive, add a form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus after the 4th PP Perfect Passive: 4th PP + pres. tense of sum, esse Pluperfect Passive: 4th PP + impf. tense of sum, esse Future Perfect Passive: 4th PP + fut. tense of sum, esse

Perfect Passive Indicative

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) 2nd 3rd

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum 2nd 3rd

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum 2nd es 3rd

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum 2nd es 3rd est

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum oppugnātī (-ae, -a) 2nd es 3rd est

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sumus 2nd es 3rd est

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sumus 2nd es estis 3rd est

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sumus 2nd es estis 3rd est sunt

Translating: subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG 2nd SG 3rd SG 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Translating: subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) es 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) est 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sumus 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) estis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sunt

Translating: subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum I have been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) es 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) est 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sumus 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) estis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sunt

Translating: subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum I have been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) es you have been attacked 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) est 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sumus 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) estis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sunt

Translating: subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum I have been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) es you have been attacked 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) est he (she/it) has been attacked 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sumus 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) estis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sunt

Translating: subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum I have been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) es you have been attacked 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) est he (she/it) has been attacked 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sumus we have been attacked 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) estis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sunt

Translating: subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum I have been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) es you have been attacked 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) est he (she/it) has been attacked 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sumus we have been attacked 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) estis you (pl.) have been attacked 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sunt

Translating: subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum I have been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) es you have been attacked 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) est he (she/it) has been attacked 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sumus we have been attacked 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) estis you (pl.) have been attacked 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) sunt they have been attacked

Practice: Form and translate fully: teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG 2nd SG 3rd SG 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully: teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) sum I have been held 2nd SG 3rd SG 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully: teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) sum I have been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) es you have been held 3rd SG 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully: teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) sum I have been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) es you have been held 3rd SG tentus (-a, -um) est he (she/it) has been held 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully: teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) sum I have been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) es you have been held 3rd SG tentus (-a, -um) est he (she/it) has been held 1st PL tentī (-ae, -a) sumus we have been held 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully: teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) sum I have been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) es you have been held 3rd SG tentus (-a, -um) est he (she/it) has been held 1st PL tentī (-ae, -a) sumus we have been held 2nd PL tentī (-ae, -a) estis you (pl.) have been held 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully: teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) sum I have been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) es you have been held 3rd SG tentus (-a, -um) est he (she/it) has been held 1st PL tentī (-ae, -a) sumus we have been held 2nd PL tentī (-ae, -a) estis you (pl.) have been held 3rd PL tentī (-ae, -a) sunt they have been held

Pluperfect Passive Indicative

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) 2nd 3rd

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram 2nd 3rd

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram 2nd erās 3rd

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram 2nd erās 3rd erat

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram oppugnātī (-ae, -a) 2nd erās 3rd erat

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erāmus 2nd erās 3rd erat

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erāmus 2nd erās erātis 3rd erat

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erāmus 2nd erās erātis 3rd erat erant

Translating: subj. pronoun + had been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG 2nd SG 3rd SG 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Translating: subj. pronoun + had been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erās 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erat 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erāmus 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erātis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erant

Translating: subj. pronoun + had been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram I had been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erās 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erat 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erāmus 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erātis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erant

Translating: subj. pronoun + had been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram I had been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erās you had been attacked 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erat 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erāmus 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erātis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erant

Translating: subj. pronoun + had been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram I had been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erās you had been attacked 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been attacked 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erāmus 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erātis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erant

Translating: subj. pronoun + had been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram I had been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erās you had been attacked 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been attacked 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erāmus we had been attacked 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erātis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erant

Translating: subj. pronoun + had been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram I had been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erās you had been attacked 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been attacked 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erāmus we had been attacked 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erātis you (pl.) had been attacked 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erant

Translating: subj. pronoun + had been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram I had been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erās you had been attacked 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been attacked 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erāmus we had been attacked 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erātis you (pl.) had been attacked 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erant they had been attacked

Practice: Form and translate fully: teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG 2nd SG 3rd SG 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully: teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) eram I had been held 2nd SG 3rd SG 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully: teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) eram I had been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) erās you had been held 3rd SG 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully: teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) eram I had been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) erās you had been held 3rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been held 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully: teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) eram I had been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) erās you had been held 3rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been held 1st PL tentī (-ae, -a) erāmus we had been held 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully: teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) eram I had been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) erās you had been held 3rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been held 1st PL tentī (-ae, -a) erāmus we had been held 2nd PL tentī (-ae, -a) erātis you (pl.) had been held 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully: teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) eram I had been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) erās you had been held 3rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been held 1st PL tentī (-ae, -a) erāmus we had been held 2nd PL tentī (-ae, -a) erātis you (pl.) had been held 3rd PL tentī (-ae, -a) erant they had been held

Future Perfect Passive Indicative

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) 2nd 3rd

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō 2nd 3rd

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō 2nd eris 3rd

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō 2nd eris 3rd erit

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō oppugnātī (-ae, -a) 2nd eris 3rd erit

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erimus 2nd eris 3rd erit

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erimus 2nd eris eritis 3rd erit

Forming: take the PPP (4th PP declined like adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL 1st oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erimus 2nd eris eritis 3rd erit erunt

Translating: subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG 2nd SG 3rd SG 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Translating: subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eris 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erit 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erimus 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) eritis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erunt

Translating: subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō I will have been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eris 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erit 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erimus 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) eritis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erunt

Translating: subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō I will have been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eris you will have been … 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erit 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erimus 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) eritis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erunt

Translating: subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō I will have been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eris you will have been … 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erit he (she, it) will have been … 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erimus 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) eritis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erunt

Translating: subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō I will have been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eris you will have been … 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erit he (she, it) will have been … 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erimus we will have been … 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) eritis 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erunt

Translating: subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō I will have been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eris you will have been … 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erit he (she, it) will have been … 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erimus we will have been … 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) eritis you (pl.) will have been … 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erunt

Translating: subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ed oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack Latin English 1st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō I will have been attacked 2nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eris you will have been … 3rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erit he (she, it) will have been … 1st PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erimus we will have been … 2nd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) eritis you (pl.) will have been … 3rd PL oppugnātī (-ae, -a) erunt they will have been …

Practice: Form and translate fully teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG 2nd SG 3rd SG 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) erō I will have been held 2nd SG 3rd SG 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) erō I will have been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) eris you will have been held 3rd SG 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) erō I will have been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) eris you will have been held 3rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erit he (she/it) will have been held 1st PL 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) erō I will have been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) eris you will have been held 3rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erit he (she/it) will have been held 1st PL tentī (-ae, -a) erimus we will have been held 2nd PL 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) erō I will have been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) eris you will have been held 3rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erit he (she/it) will have been held 1st PL tentī (-ae, -a) erimus we will have been held 2nd PL tentī (-ae, -a) eritis you (pl.) will have been held 3rd PL

Practice: Form and translate fully teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold Latin English 1st SG tentus (-a, -um) erō I will have been held 2nd SG tentus (-a, -um) eris you will have been held 3rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erit he (she/it) will have been held 1st PL tentī (-ae, -a) erimus we will have been held 2nd PL tentī (-ae, -a) eritis you (pl.) will have been held 3rd PL tentī (-ae, -a) erunt they will have been held

Ablative of (Personal) Agent

Ablative of Agent with a passive verb, the person by whom an action is performed is indicated by ā/ab + a noun in the abl. case this is only used with the passive voice the noun in the abl. is usually a person ā/ab always means “by” when used thus so, passive verb + ā/ab + abl. (person) = abl. of agent

Ablative of Agent E.G.: Fēminae sacrae ā virīs bonīs semper laudatae sunt. Sacred women have always been praised by good men. Inimīcus ā mīlite vulnerātus est. The enemy was wounded by the soldier.

Ablative of Agent N.B.: When you make a passive sentence active, the abl. of agent becomes the subject and the subject becomes the direct object. Fēminae sacrae ā virīs bonīs semper laudatae sunt. Sacred women have always been praised by good men. Virī bonī fēminās sacrās semper laudāvērunt. Good men have always praised sacred women.

Abl. of Agent vs. Abl. of Means
Be careful not to confuse the abl. of agent with the abl. of means Agent: ā/ab + (usually) person Means: no preposition is used, usually an object Mīlitēs nostrī ab hostibus vulnerātī erant. Our soldiers had been wounded by the enemy. Mīlitēs nostrī tēlīs vulnerātī erant. Our soldiers had been wounded by weapons.

Predicate Accusative

Predicate Accusative another use of the acc. case is the predicate accusative similar to the pred. nom. in that it provides more information or describes another word in the sentence pred. nom. describes the subject nominative pred. acc. describes the direct object pred. acc. will come after the acc. direct object predicate accusative is used with verbs of making, naming, choosing, calling, or appointing, e.g.: vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to call appellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to name

Predicate Accusative E.G.: Vir fēminaque fīlium Mārcum appellant.

Predicate Accusative E.G.: Vir fēminaque fīlium Mārcum appellant.
The man and woman name their son Marcus. Mīlitēs ducem imperatōrem vocant.

Predicate Accusative E.G.: Vir fēminaque fīlium Mārcum appellant.
The man and woman name their son Marcus. Mīlitēs ducem imperatōrem vocant. Soldiers call their leader a commander.

Predicate Accusative N.B.: in the passive voice, these verbs (naming, calling, etc.) will take a predicate nominative, e.g.: Fīlius ā virō fēmināque Mārcus appellātur. The son is called Marcus by the man and woman. Dux ā mīlitibus imperātor vocātur. A leader is called commander by his soldiers.

Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 20

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Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 20

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