1. Agenda diēs Mercuriī, a.d. v Non. Oct. A.D. MMXVIII
HW Check: worksheet 13
Do Now: conjugate habeō, habēre in the present passive
Review of Present Passive Indicative (Worksheet 13)
Imperfect Passive Indicative, Conj. 1-2
Ablative of Agent
Pensum:
Worksheet 14
Keep studying vocab. list #4
Latin MS8
Mr. Finnigan
Boston Latin School

2. Imperfect Passive Indicative

3. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 1st Conj.
Forming:
Find the present stem (2nd PP – -re)
Add the impf. infix/marker –ba–
Add the passive personal endings
oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL
1st
2nd
3rd

4. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 1st Conj.
Forming:
Find the present stem (2nd PP – -re)
Add the impf. infix/marker –ba–
Add the passive personal endings
oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL
1st
oppugnā
2nd
3rd

5. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 1st Conj.
Forming:
Find the present stem (2nd PP – -re)
Add the impf. infix/marker –ba–
Add the passive personal endings
oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack SG PL
1st
oppugnābar
oppugnābāmur
2nd
oppugnābāris
oppugnābāminī
3rd
oppugnābātur
oppugnābantur

6. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 2nd Conj.
Forming (same as 1st conj.):
Find the present stem (2nd PP – -re)
Add the impf. infix/marker –ba–
Add the passive personal endings
teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold SG PL
1st
2nd
3rd

7. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 2nd Conj.
Forming (same as 1st conj.):
Find the present stem (2nd PP – -re)
Add the impf. infix/marker –ba–
Add the passive personal endings
teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold SG PL
1st
tenē
2nd
3rd

8. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 2nd Conj.
Forming (same as 1st conj.):
Find the present stem (2nd PP – -re)
Add the impf. infix/marker –ba–
Add the passive personal endings
teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold SG PL
1st
tenēba
tenēbā
2nd
3rd

9. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 2nd Conj.
Forming (same as 1st conj.):
Find the present stem (2nd PP – -re)
Add the impf. infix/marker –ba–
Add the passive personal endings
teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold SG PL
1st
tenēbar
tenēbāmur
2nd
tenēbāris
tenēbāminī
3rd
tenēbātur
tenēbantur

10. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 1st/2nd Conj.
Translating:
subj. pronoun + was/were being + ________ed
oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack
Latin
English
1st SG
2nd SG
3rd SG
1st PL
2nd PL
3rd PL

11. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 1st/2nd Conj.
Translating:
subj. pronoun + was/were being + ________ed
oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack
Latin
English
1st SG
oppugnābar
2nd SG
oppugnābāris
3rd SG
oppugnābātur
1st PL
oppugnābāmur
2nd PL
oppugnābāminī
3rd PL
oppugnābantur

12. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 1st/2nd Conj.
Translating:
subj. pronoun + was/were being + ________ed
oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack
Latin
English
1st SG
oppugnābar
I was being attacked
2nd SG
oppugnābāris
3rd SG
oppugnābātur
1st PL
oppugnābāmur
2nd PL
oppugnābāminī
3rd PL
oppugnābantur

13. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 1st/2nd Conj.
Translating:
subj. pronoun + was/were being + ________ed
oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack
Latin
English
1st SG
oppugnābar
I was being attacked
2nd SG
oppugnābāris
you were being attacked
3rd SG
oppugnābātur
1st PL
oppugnābāmur
2nd PL
oppugnābāminī
3rd PL
oppugnābantur

14. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 1st/2nd Conj.
Translating:
subj. pronoun + was/were being + ________ed
oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack
Latin
English
1st SG
oppugnābar
I was being attacked
2nd SG
oppugnābāris
you were being attacked
3rd SG
oppugnābātur
s/he/it was being attacked
1st PL
oppugnābāmur
2nd PL
oppugnābāminī
3rd PL
oppugnābantur

15. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 1st/2nd Conj.
Translating:
subj. pronoun + was/were being + ________ed
oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack
Latin
English
1st SG
oppugnābar
I was being attacked
2nd SG
oppugnābāris
you were being attacked
3rd SG
oppugnābātur
s/he/it was being attacked
1st PL
oppugnābāmur
we were being attacked
2nd PL
oppugnābāminī
3rd PL
oppugnābantur

16. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 1st/2nd Conj.
Translating:
subj. pronoun + was/were being + ________ed
oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack
Latin
English
1st SG
oppugnābar
I was being attacked
2nd SG
oppugnābāris
you were being attacked
3rd SG
oppugnābātur
s/he/it was being attacked
1st PL
oppugnābāmur
we were being attacked
2nd PL
oppugnābāminī
you (pl.) were being attacked
3rd PL
oppugnābantur

17. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 1st/2nd Conj.
Translating:
subj. pronoun + was/were being + ________ed
oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack
Latin
English
1st SG
oppugnābar
I was being attacked
2nd SG
oppugnābāris
you were being attacked
3rd SG
oppugnābātur
s/he/it was being attacked
1st PL
oppugnābāmur
we were being attacked
2nd PL
oppugnābāminī
you (pl.) were being attacked
3rd PL
oppugnābantur
they were being attacked

18. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 1st/2nd Conj.
Translating:
subj. pronoun + was/were being + ________ed
teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold
Latin
English
1st SG
2nd SG
3rd SG
1st PL
2nd PL
3rd PL

19. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 1st/2nd Conj.
Translating:
subj. pronoun + was/were being + ________ed
teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold
Latin
English
1st SG
tenēbar
2nd SG
tenēbāris
3rd SG
tenēbātur
1st PL
tenēbāmur
2nd PL
tenēbāminī
3rd PL
tenēbantur

20. Imperf. Passive Indicative – 1st/2nd Conj.
Translating:
subj. pronoun + was/were being + ________ed
teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus: to hold
Latin
English
1st SG
tenēbar
I was being held
2nd SG
tenēbāris
you were being held
3rd SG
tenēbātur
s/he/it was being held
1st PL
tenēbāmur
we were being held
2nd PL
tenēbāminī
you (pl.) were being held
3rd PL
tenēbantur
they were being held

21. Ablative of (Personal) Agent

22. Ablative of Agent
with a passive verb, the person by whom an action is performed is indicated by ā/ab + a noun in the abl. case
this is only used with the passive voice
the noun in the abl. is usually a person
ā/ab always means “by” when used thus
so, passive verb + ā/ab + abl. (person) = abl. of agent

23. Ablative of Agent
E.G.:
Fēminae sacrae ā virīs bonīs semper laudatae sunt.
Sacred women have always been praised by good men.
Inimīcus ā mīlite vulnerātus est.
The enemy was wounded by the soldier.

24. Ablative of Agent
N.B.: When you make a passive sentence active, the abl. of agent becomes the subject and the subject becomes the direct object.
Fēminae sacrae ā virīs bonīs semper laudatae sunt.
Sacred women have always been praised by good men.
Virī bonī fēminās sacrās semper laudāvērunt.
Good men have always praised sacred women.

25. Abl. of Agent vs. Abl. of Means
Be careful not to confuse the abl. of agent with the abl. of means
Agent: ā/ab + (usually) person
Means: no preposition is used, usually an object
Mīlitēs nostrī ab hostibus vulnerātī erant.
Our soldiers had been wounded by the enemy.
Mīlitēs nostrī tēlīs vulnerātī erant.
Our soldiers had been wounded by weapons.