1. Latin 1 Mr. zboril | Milford PEP
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation
Mr. zboril | Milford PEP

2. Chapter 6 Second Declension Nouns
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3. Chapter 6 Second Declension Nouns
A noun is person, place, thing, or idea. The Chapter 6 Vocabulary on Page 30 lists a bunch of nouns. Some are… ager, agrī, m.: field bellum, bellī, n.: war oppidum, oppidī, n.: town puer, puerī, m.: boy
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation
Notice the endings are different? These are not prīmae declension nouns!

4. Chapter 6 Second Declension Nouns
Your Latin Dictionary contains three pieces of information for every noun:
puer, puerī, m.: boy
The first form or nominative singular
This is used to list words in a dictionary
The second form or genitive singular
This is used to find the noun stem and to determine which declension (or noun family) the noun belongs.
The gender : masculine, feminine, or neuter.
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

5. Chapter 6 Second Declension Nouns
Verbs are divided into conjugations. A conjugation can be recognized by the 2nd Principal Part.
Nouns are divided into declensions. Latin has five noun declensions. Declensions can be recognized by the genitive case singular – the second form personal endings.
ager, agrī, m.: field
equus, equī, m.: horse
oppidum, oppidī, n.: town
The genitive singular of all secūndae declension nouns ends in –ī (long i).
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

6. Chapter 6 Gender Review
In English, the gender of a noun is determined by: Female things are feminine Masculine things are masculine Something neither male or female is neuter In Latin, this is sometimes the case, however a noun’s gender does not necessarily reflect the gender of the object it describes. If an object has neither gender (e.g. table, tree, town) Latin may classify it as any of the genders.
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

7. Chapter 6 Secūndae Declension Noun Gender &
Most nouns of the 2nd Declension are masculine and neuter. There are a few nouns that are feminine.
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

8. Chapter 6 Secūndae Declension Noun Stems
Exercise 2 on pg. 31 asks you to identify the stem for each of the nouns in the vocabulary. Remember how we found the stem of 1st Declension (Prīmae Declension) nouns? We took the Genitive Singular and removed the ending (–ae). fēmina, fēminae, f. fēminae → fēmin -ae = fēmin We do the same with second declension. Let’s look at the next slide…
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

9. Chapter 6 Second Declension Noun Stems
To find the stem of the 2nd Declension noun, take the genitive singular and remove the –ī. vir, virī, m. virī → vir -ī = vir bellum, bellī, n. bellī → bell - ī = bell Now, with the stem, we add the case endings and decline the noun. Look….
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

10. 2nd Declension Case Endings - Masculine
stem: amīc/-ī
Case
Singular
Plural
Nominative
amīc-us
amic-ī
subject, predicate
the friend
the friends
Genitive
amīc-ī
amīc-ōrum
possession
of the friend
of the friends
Dative
amīc-ō
amīc-īs
indirect object
to / for the friend
to / for the friends
Accusative
amīc-um
amīc-ōs
direct object
Ablative
object preposition
by/with/from the friend
by/with/from the friends
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

11. 2nd Declension Case Endings - Masculine
stem: amīc/-ī
Case
Singular
Plural
Nominative
amīcus
amicī
subject, predicate
the friend
the friends
Genitive
amīcī
amīcōrum
possession
of the friend
of the friends
Dative
amīcō
amīcīs
indirect object
to / for the friend
to / for the friends
Accusative
amīcum
amīcōs
direct object
Ablative
object preposition
by/with/from the friend
by/with/from the friends
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

12. Chapter 6 Secūndae Declension – Neuter
Unlike the 1st Declension, the 2nd Declension case endings are slightly different depending on the gender of the noun. The differences can be found in the nominative and accusative cases. Take a look at the next slide…
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

13. 2nd Declension Case Endings - Neuter
stem: oppidum/-ī m.
Case
Singular
Plural
Nominative
oppidum
oppida
subject, predicate
the town
the towns
Genitive
oppidī
oppidōrum
possession
of the town
of the towns
Dative
oppidō
oppidīs
indirect object
to / for the town
to / for the towns
Accusative
direct object
the friends
Ablative
amīcō
object preposition
by/with/from the town
by/with/from the towns
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

14. 2nd Declension Case Endings - Neuter
stem: oppidum/-ī m.
Case
Singular
Plural
Nominative
oppidum
oppida
subject, predicate
the town
the towns
Genitive
oppidī
oppidōrum
possession
of the town
of the towns
Dative
oppidō
oppidīs
indirect object
to / for the town
to / for the towns
Accusative
direct object
the friends
Ablative
amīcō
object preposition
by/with/from the town
by/with/from the towns
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

15. Chapter 6 Indirect Object – Dative Case
The term Indirect Object is linked with the Dative Case. An indirect object describes the object to which something is given, said, or done. It does not receive the action of the verb directly, but is affected by it. The girl gives a gift to the boy. The girl gives the boy a gift. Both sentences say the same thing. In both, ‘boy’ is the indirect object.
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

16. Chapter 6 Indirect Object – Dative Case
The girl gives a gift to the boy. The girl gives the boy a gift. What is the Latin word for boy? What would this be in the dative case?
puer, puerī m.
puerō
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation
Let’s translate the sentence….
Puella puerō donum dat.
n/s/f d/s/m acc/s/n 3/s/pres

17. Chapter 6 Indirect Object – Dative Case
The farmer told the queen a story.
What is the direct object?
It is story or fābula, fibulae f..
What is the indirect object?
It is queen or rēgīna, rēgīnae.
Here, story will be fābulam (accusative case / sing)
queen will be rēgīnae (dative case / sing)
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

18. Chapter 6 Indirect Object – Dative Case
The farmer was telling the queen a story. story will be fābulam (accusative case / sing) queen will be rēgīnae (dative case / sing) S IO DO V Agricola rēgīnae fābulam nārrābat. n/s/m d/s/f acc/s/f 3/s/imp
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

19. Chapter 6 Dative of Reference
Similar to the indirect object, the dative of reference describes something which is not directly receiving the action of the verb, but is the object to which the statement refers. They build a town for the allies. They build the allies a town.
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

20. I can stay afterwards for extra help
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I can stay afterwards for extra help
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation