Intro to Biochemistry Chem-160 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Lipids 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Macromolecules Lipids 1. Monomer: __________ 2. Polymer: ___________ 3. Structure:______________________ ________________________________ 4. Uses: ________________________ 5. Examples: ____________________ fatty acid lipid or fat 3 long chains of carbon hydrogen on a glycerol molecule energy, structure, warmth fat, oil, cholesterol 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Examples of Lipids 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

PROTEINS 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Introduction Condensed polymers formed from amino acids Complex biological polymers Haemoglobin, responsible for transporting oxygen around your body has a formula C2952 H4664 O832 N812 S8 Fe4 Mol. Mass 65000 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Collagen is the major structural protein in our bodies It is made up of three chains, each around 1000 amino acids long, coiled round each other in a triple helix Having very ordered structures They are involved in every biological process 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Antibodies , enzymes and haemoglobin are all water soluble molecules Keratin and collagen are insoluble Proteins make up 18% of the mass of the average person Fats make up 18% of the mass of the average person Carbohydrates make up 0.5% of the mass of the average person Others 4.5% 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Functions Myosin Actin muscle contraction muscle tissues Chymotrypson digestive enzymes pepsin small intestine stomach Insulin hormone blood 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Imunoglobulins antibodies blood Collagen structural proteins Keratin skin, tendon hair Haemoglobin transport 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Ferritin storage bone marrow liver, spleen Proteins are unbranched polymer chains Made by linking together large numbers(100-~1000s) of amino acid monomer units by peptide bonds, refer to as Polypeptide chains 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

III. Macromolecules D. Protein 1. Monomer: _______________ 2. Polymer: _____________________ 3. Structure:______________________ ________________________________ 4. Uses: ________________________ 5. Examples: ____________________ amino acid (20) protein or polypeptide central carbon atom with hydrogen, amine, carboxyl, & R groups structure, emergency energy skin, insulin, enzymes 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Examples of Proteins 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Nucleic Acids 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Macromolecules E. Nucleic Acids 1. Monomer: _______________ 2. Polymer: ___________ 3. Structure:______________________ ________________________________ 4. Uses: ___________________ 5. Examples: _______________ nucleotide (5) nucleic acid 5-carbon sugar attached to nitrogen base and phosphate group stores genetic code DNA and RNA 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Examples of Nucleic Acids 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

ATP 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

ATP adenosine triphosphate A. ATP stands for _____________________ B. Cells use ATP as a __________________ C. Made of adenine with ___ phosphates D. Lots of energy is stored in the bond between _____________________________ E. When this bond is broken, tremendous energy is released. F. The pieces are then reassembled, storing more energy for another use. rechargeable battery 3 the second and third phosphates 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Examples of ATP 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

ENZYMES 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Enzymes A. Special proteins that speed chemical reactions 1. Chemical reactions require a certain _______________ to get started. 2. Enzymes decrease this energy, making reactions occur faster. activation energy 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Enzymes Lock-and-Key Model Enzymes are not used up by the reaction, but each can only work on one reaction (________________). This is called the lock-and-key model of enzymes. An enzyme is like a _____ which can open exactly one _____. If you want to “unlock” another reaction, you need a different enzyme. enzyme specificity key lock 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Enzymes 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

Enzymes Factors which affect enzymes 1. _____________--enzymes, like all proteins, change shape when exposed to heat or cold. Each has an optimal temperature range. 2. ____--all enzymes have an optimal range of pH Example: stomach 3. _____________--having more enzymes makes the reaction faster. Temperature pH Concentration 4/3/2019 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160