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INTRODUCTION Biochemistry

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1 INTRODUCTION Biochemistry
11/18/2018 INTRODUCTION Biochemistry An Introduction to the Chemistry of Life for Biology Students Dr Seemal Jelani

2 11/18/2018 What is Life Made of? Everything is made up of atoms. Living things are made up of cells. Cells are made up of atoms. Dr Seemal Jelani

3 Six different elements (atoms) make up 98% of all living things:
11/18/2018 Atoms Six different elements (atoms) make up 98% of all living things: Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorous Calcium Dr Seemal Jelani

4 11/18/2018 Dr Seemal Jelani

5 Definition: A molecule is two or more atoms combined.
11/18/2018 Molecules Definition: A molecule is two or more atoms combined. CO2 C6H12O6 C8H10N4O2 H2O Dr Seemal Jelani

6 11/18/2018 Organic Chemistry What makes Carbon Special? Carbon atoms can bond together to form long chains and complex rings. Dr Seemal Jelani

7 Carbon can form immensely diverse compounds, from simple to complex.
11/18/2018 Carbon can form immensely diverse compounds, from simple to complex. Complex Molecule Simple Molecule DNA with tens of Billions of Carbon atoms Methane with 1 Carbon atom Dr Seemal Jelani

8 4 main molecules involved in life
11/18/2018 Biomolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids 4 main molecules involved in life Dr Seemal Jelani

9 11/18/2018 Polymers and Monomers Biomolecules are macromolecules. Macromolecules are Polymers made up of Monomers. Dr Seemal Jelani

10 11/18/2018 Monomers Monomer Monosaccharide (sugar) Hydrocarbon chains Amino acids Nucleotides Macromolecule Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Dr Seemal Jelani

11 11/18/2018 Carbohydrates Made of: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms Job: provide living things with energy Examples: sugars and starches (corn, rice, potato, bread) Dr Seemal Jelani

12 11/18/2018 Lipids Made of: long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms (with some oxygen). Job: store energy, repel water Examples: fats and oils (butter, cheese, oil) Dr Seemal Jelani

13 Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fat
11/18/2018 Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fat Dr Seemal Jelani

14 Made of: Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and other atoms
11/18/2018 Proteins Made of: Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and other atoms Job: Many different jobs in our bodies Examples: Enzymes, muscles, hair Dr Seemal Jelani

15 11/18/2018 Nucleic Acids Made of: Phosphorous, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen atoms Job: Store genetic information Examples: DNA, RNA Dr Seemal Jelani

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