Of Popes and Kings 7.34 Demonstrate understanding of the conflict and cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs, including Charlemagne, Gregory VII, and Emperor Henry IV.

Objectives I can understand the power of the pope’s and kings during the Middle Ages So that we can understand the cooperation and conflict between the pope and king I will know I have it when create a Venn Diagram that shows the power of the Kings and Popes

A power shift In early Middle Ages nobles and knights held the most power As time went on Kings and Popes both gained power Kings – Political power Popes – Religious Power

The Power of the Popes Head of the Christian/Catholic church Which included most of Europe Was seen as God’s representative on Earth Decided what the church would teach If you went against the church you would be excommunicated… Cast out from the church (and pretty much any other social activity because they were all mainly run by the church)

Political Power of Popes The Power of the Popes Duties of the Pope Decide what the Church would teach Write a bull (bill) – Church policy Decide when someone was acting against the Church Excommunication Pope/bishop could cast out people from the Church. People believed it meant they could not get into heaven. Political Power of Popes After the Roman Empire collapsed, many people looked to Pope as the leader. Popes became rich and powerful.

The Power of Kings Ruled their lands Controlled everything political Tax rates Armies Land distribution Laws Created alliances Power was passed down through family

The Power of Kings Some kings had little real power. In which 3 countries did kings have real control? England, France, Holy Roman Empire (see below) How were kings chosen in England and France? Inherited throne from fathers What was The Holy Roman Empire… This empire grew out of Charlemagne’s empire, who built his empire with the pope’s approval. Why was it called the Holy Roman Empire? it was approved by Pope seen as rebirth of the Roman Empire Squabbles between the King and Nobles were settled by the Pope

Examples of Power Struggles…Pope Problems Western Europe viewed the Pope as the head of the church Eastern Europe however never heard of the pope (because the Pope lived in Rome) The bishops did whatever they wanted One pope who did not like this: Pope Leo IX

Pope Leo IX splits the church Wanted to bring ALL of Europe under his control Eastern Bishops didn’t like it Especially the Bishop of Constantinople Pope Leo excommunicated the Bishop People had to choose sides (We talked about this when we studied the Byzantine Empire… remember, the Great Schism?) Pope Leo’s side became Roman Catholics Bishop of Constantinople became the Eastern Orthodox Church

Power Struggles continue… Popes and Kings Clash Popes wanted power/Kings wanted power This can only be a bad thing For example: Popes normally selected Bishops Kings thought they should be able to

Popes and Kings Clash This came to a head with Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV Pope Gregory did not like a Bishop chosen by King Henry King Henry tried to convince the Bishops to remove Pope Gregory In return Pope Gregory excommunicated Henry and convinced the Nobles to overthrow him

A desperate man King Henry wanted to stay in power He traveled to Italy to beg forgiveness He stood in the snow for three days barefoot before being allowed to see Pope Gregory Eventually, Pope Gregory forgave him and King Henry was restored to the church and throne Video

Concordat of Worms Finally in 1122 a new pope and new king made a compromise Church officials would choose the bishop King would have to approve Bishop would have to obey the King

Popes Vs. Kings Papal Power: Using the case study worksheet we will figure out who is more powerful… the Pope or the King. After the case study: Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEuf1EgFeTU

Day 2 How Pope is chosen Power Struggles and Clashes Popes vs. Kings- Which one had more power during the Middle Ages? Articles 1-5 Divide up into 5 equal groups As you are reading, create a T-chart to list powers that kings hold on one side, powers that popes hold on the other side. Conclude, in your opinion, who holds the most power over people?

T Chart- Power of Popes/Power of Kings Reinstate himself as a pope/political excommunicate Wrote papal “bills” Total control over church (& most members) Choose king Military power Control over taxes Chose a new pope Has army attack pope Has army prevent taxes from being paid to church