The Cold War Chapter 26 Sections 1 and 2

1945 – A Critical Year Yalta The United Nations (UN) Truman - 1945 The “Big Three” Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt Poland The United Nations (UN) April 1945, San Francisco General Assembly Security Council Truman - 1945 The Potsdam Conference Truman and Stalin’s first meeting Secret weapon mentioned

Conflicting Postwar Goals The American View Establish democracy to open up economic opportunity The Soviet View Satellite nations – spread communism

Soviets Tighten Their Hold Poland Allow elections after anti-Communist competition was gone Albania and Bulgaria Communist militaries control Czechoslovakia Tried to hold off Communism, fell from pressure of neighbors Hungary and Romania Soviet Army puts in Communist governments East Germany Totalitarian government put in by Stalin German Democratic Republic Finland and Yugoslavia Finland – forced neutrality Yugoslavia – Communist government, but not controlled by Soviet Union

The Iron Curtain The Iron Curtain Containment The Truman Doctrine Winston Churchill warns against allowing the iron curtain (Communism) from spreading Stalin declares victory over capitalism Cominform – Soviet agency Containment George Kennan, pg. 745 Prevent advances of Communist nations around the world The Truman Doctrine Support any nation threatened by Communism Turkey and Greece – first test of containment; provided aid

Cold War Abroad The Marshall Plan The Berlin Airlift Create democracies and improve economies $13 billion in loans and grants to Western Europe The Berlin Airlift Federal Republic of Germany – 3 western zones merged E. Germany – Germ. Dem. Rep Stalin closes access to West Berlin – people were escaping U.S. sends supplies through Berlin Airlift NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)- Collective Security Warsaw Pact - 1955

Communist Advances The Soviet Atomic Threat 1949 – Soviet Union tests first atomic bomb 1952 – U.S. tests first thermonuclear (hydrogen) bomb China Falls to the Communists - 1949 Civil War – Jiang Jieshi vs. Mao Zedong Had cooperated during war against Japan People’s Republic of China (Communist) Republic of China (Taiwan)

The Cold War at Home Communism in America The Loyalty Program Background checks Loyalty Review Board HUAC (House Un-American Committee) Gov’t agencies and Hollywood The Hollywood Ten 5th Amendment Blacklist – wouldn’t hire The McCarran-Walter Act Quota on immigrants from Communist nations Spy Cases Alger Hiss Ethel and Julius Rosenberg