Warm Up – December 6 Answer the following questions on a post it: 1. Term given to the conflict between the US and USSR between 1945-1991 in which neither nation directly confronted the other on a battlefield 2. What were the two conflicting political ideologies of the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War? 3. What is self-determination? How did this show that goals of the U.S. and USSR were different during the Cold War? 4. What was the name of the strategy used by the United States in regards to communism during the Cold War?

Unit 9: The cold war Origins of the Cold War

Truman Doctrine US and Britain need to prevent communism in Greece and Turkey, but Britain broke  US takes charge March 1947, Truman and Congress allocated $400M in economic and military aid to Turkey and Greece “It must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside aggressors.”  Truman Doctrine – policy of providing aid to free nations threatened by internal/external opponents

Marshall Plan European countries in postwar devastation and may look to Stalin for help… 1947, Sec. of State George Marshall  Marshall Plan US provides aid to all European countries that need it “not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.” – Marshall Revived Europe, by 1952… 16 countries received $13B in aid Western Europe flourishing, preventing spread of Communism

Conflict Over Germany 1948 – 4 sections combined into 2 West Germany (and West Berlin) – US, Britain, France East Germany (and East Berlin) – USSR Stalin closed rail access to West Berlin  no food or fuel, enough to last 5 weeks Berlin Airlift – 327 day operation in which US and British planes flew food and supplies to West Berlin after the Soviet blockade in 1948-49 277,000 flights 2.3 million tons of supplies

NATO Alliance vs. Warsaw Pact 1949 West Germany Federal Republic of Germany (included West Berlin) East Germany  German Democratic Republic, USSR controlled (included East Berlin) April 4, 1949 – North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed Belgium, Denmark, France, Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, US, and Canada (later Greece, Turkey, and West Germany) Pledged military support to each other in the event of an attack First time in history the US entered a military alliance during peacetime  No more US isolationism! 1955 – Warsaw Pact – military alliance between USSR and 7 eastern European nations

TOD – December 6 Answer the following questions on the same post-it as the warm up: What was the Truman Doctrine? What was the Marshall Plan? What did the United States hope to achieve by passing both of these acts? How was Germany divided after World War II? How did this go against the compromise reached at the Yalta Conference? What countries were given control of East Germany and East Berlin? What countries were given control of West Germany and West Berlin? What did the Soviets do to stop supplies going from East Berlin to West Berlin? How did the United States get supplies to the people in West Berlin? What two alliances were formed following World War II and at the beginning of the Cold War?