Struggle for Democracy in Africa

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Struggle for Democracy in Africa Why has Africa struggled in gaining democratic governments?

II. Ghana 1947-57: A) Kwame Nkrumah leads non-violent movement for indp in British Gold Coast. B)After ind, Nkrumah becomes President for life, costly projects & more Pan-African focus hurts his country I. Algeria 1954-62: A)Communist FLN led by Ahmed Ben Bella rebel against French Govt. B)DeGaulle sends in 500K troops but France loses. C) US backed Islamic rebels overthrow Bella’s gov in 65

III. Nigeria 1960-1970 A)British give independence to Fulani (majority) B) Igbo (minority) attempt to form own nation causing a civil war, 1.2 million Nigerians killed IV. Kenya: 1952-1963 A)Mau Mau start revolution against British using guerilla warfare. B) Kenyan leader Jomo Kenyatta wrongly jailed for starting revolution

V. Congo 1960-65: A) Communist MNC & Patrice Lumumba elected B) US backed coup led by Joseph Mobuto overthrows Lumumba gov C) Mobuto rules as dictator, changes name of country to Zaire (his name to Mobuto Sese Seko) VI. Angola: 1960-75 A) Comm. rebels (MPLA) start revolution against Portuguese Gov, rebels win B) US backs anti-communist group causing a civil war C) 500K killed in civil war

VII. Uganda: A) Idi Amin takes power in a coup B) Amin expels foreigners & nationalizes businesses. C) 1971-1979: Kills 300K VIII. Rwanda: A) Tutsi minority rule after independence. B) Hutu majority wins election in 1994. C)Hutu army and militia groups kill one million Tutsis IX. South Africa: A)Dutch Afrikaners (Boers) control Gov B)Set up Apartheid system that segregates blacks & whites C) Apartheid ends in 1991, when Nelson Mandela’s ANC wins election