1. The Struggle for Democracy:Africa Why has Africa struggled in gaining democratic governments?

2. Nigeria 1960: Civil War between Fulani & ruling Igbo. Thousands killed Military Govt. in place until 1999 Angola: 1960s Marxist rebels try an overthrow of Portuguese Govt. Rebels win & Civil War erupts. US backs Anti-communists. 500K killed between 1975-2002 Algeria 1954: Soviet backed FLN rebels attempt to overthrow French Gov. war rages 1954-1965

3. South Africa: Dutch Boers (Afrikaners) have control of Govt. Set up Apartheid system that segregates blacks & whites. Apartheid ends in 1991, when Nelson Mandela’s ANC wins elections Congo (1960): Socialist group MNC & Patrice Lumumba win elections. Province of Katanga breaks off (backed by US/Belgium) Lumumba turns to USSR Lumumba is assassinated. Military dictator takes over Congo (now Zaire)Uganda: Idi Amin takes power in a coup. He expels foreigners & nationalizes British businesses. Kills 300K from 1971-1979 Rwanda: Tutsi minority rules after independence. Hutu majority wins election in 1994. Hutu army and militia groups kill one million Tutsis