Ancient China

China’s geography China’s Geography Huang He (Yellow River) 2,900 mi. Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) 3,400 mi. Rivers flooded for rich soil < 12 % land good for farming Mountains & desert made China ISOLATED Farming & Population in the east

Shang Dynasty Shang Capital was Anyang Built 1st Chinese cities Shang kings chose warlords too oversee territories Kings & warlords ----- Aristocrats --- farmers King’s main job was to defend kingdom Used oracle bones to tell future Pictographs: symbols for words Ideographs: multiple PGs to be ideas.

Zhou dynasty Zhou Dynasty Wu Wang (aristocrat) led rebellion against Shang King was in charge, defend kingdom Under king a was bureaucracy levels of officials to carry out govt. business Zhou ruled by mandate from heaven Ruled according to proper way - “Dao” Developed irrigation & iron plows

Family life Family Life Basic building block of Chinese society Big families of many workers in fields Older sons raised food for parents Took care of poor, aged, sick Oldest male head of family Needs of head came first Filial piety – children respected parents and older relatives Men raised crops, served in govt., fought wars Women did household chores and could not serve in govt.

Social Classes Social Classes Landowning Aristocrats Peasant farmers Owned large estates Passed land down to son Land got smaller and smaller Relied on farmers Peasant farmers 90 of population Wheat & grain in north - rice in south Gave part of crop to aristocrats Did govt. jobs one month & served in army Merchants Quite rich but looked down on by farmers & aristocrats

Confucianism Confucianism Confucius: China’s 1st great thinker Teachings We have a duty to do good for others Wives to husbands, children to parents, people to community “Do good and seek knowledge” Work to improve the world Thought all intelligent people should be able to work in govt. Went through country teaching ideas: Confucianism Tried to get govt. to work by his ideas Govt. didn’t accept ideas but many Chinese people did

Daoism Daoism Founded by Laozi “the Old Master” Wrote Dao de Jong (way of the Dao) Teachings Give up all worldly desires Turn to nature and the Dao Dao is the force that guides all things Live in harmony with nature Opposite of Confucianism

Legalism Legalism “School of Law” Founded by Hanfeizi Teachings/Characteristics: Humans are evil Cruel punishments were used to control people Aristocrats liked legalism because it could control farmers Show no kindness

Poster Qin Dynasty (pg. 241) Han Dynasty (pg. 244) Silk Road & Major Changes (pg. 246) Cover the following: Vocab People (leader, who founded the dynasty) Include biographical info. on Qin and Han Wudi Events Accomplishments Influences on Culture Use at least three visuals (maps, drawings, etc)

Qin Dynasty Qin Dynasty Qin Shihuangdi: took over Zhou states one by one Qin dynasty lasted 200 years Based on legalism Made government stronger than ever Provincial leadership filled only by Qin himself Engineering Accomplishments Great Wall – protect from northern invaders roads, canal to ship supplies Developed uniform system of weights and measures and form of money Chinese rebelled against cruel leadership

Han dynasty Han Dynasty Important Rulers Founded by Liu Bang – peasant who became general Best years under Emperor Han Wudi Threw out harsh policies of Qin Accomplishments Developed test based on Confucianism for government jobs – only the best scores got the jobs Size of empire grew greatly, population from 20-60 million Peasant farmers forced to sell and become tenant farmers Invented waterwheels, steel, paper, and ship’s rudder Opened SILK ROAD

Silk Road and Major Changes 4,000 miles long from China to Europe General Zhang Qian found Roman Empire and began trade Carried goods over desert & mountains on camel Put on ships at Mediterranean Merchants paid taxes to the many kingdoms they encountered along the Silk Road. This made travel along the road expensive, so only high-priced goods such as silk, porcelain, and spices were traded. Emperors after Wudi were weak Aristocrats seize land, civil war begins Buddhism spreads rapidly among people

Ancient China Stations! 1.) The Chinese Language (p. 228) 2.) New Tools & Trade (p. 230) 3.) Social Classes (p.232) 4.) Chinese Family (pp. 234 - 235) 5.) Confucianism (p. 236) 6.) Daoism (p. 238) 7.) Legalism (p. 239)

Ancient China Stations READ YOUR SECTIONS FIRST! What information is most important? It’s not relevant that Confucius had 7 toes on his left foot. It is relevant that he taught all men have a responsibility to community and family. Cover the following in bullet points or short thoughts: Vocab People Events Accomplishments Use at least one large visual to explain part of your information. DO NOT WRITE PARAGRAPHS OF INFORMATION.